Fruits and berries » Grapes
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Kira Stoletova
The Dunav grape is a complex hybrid created by Matevska and Kondarev in 1966. The birthplace of the berry is Bulgaria. This variety is also called the Miracle of Bulgaria. The plant is resistant to cold, can withstand temperatures down to -21°C.
Description of Dunav grapes
Appearance of grapes
The Dunava bushes grow strongly, the shoots ripen well. The weight of an average bunch of grapes is 0.6 kilograms. There are clusters of 1.5 kilograms. They have a cone shape and medium density.
The clusters are large, beautiful, marketable. Most berries weigh more than 8 grams, are about 3 cm long, and 2 cm wide. The berries are oval, bright red in color. If they are not collected for a long time, they acquire a purple tint, become burgundy or turn black.
Agat Donskoy, Strashensky and Valery Voevoda can also boast of large clusters.
More than half of the shoots of the bush bear fruit. Each shoot has 1 - 2 clusters.
History of selection and region of breeding
Dunav (Miracle of Bulgaria) is a Bulgarian interspecific hybrid obtained by crossing three species: Balkan, Ribi Mekhura and Cardinal. Dunav Nedyalka Matevska and Mincho Kondarev were bred in 1966.
First they crossed Balkan with Ribi Mehur, and then the resulting hybrid with Cardinal. Dunav was included in the Official Register of Bulgarian Grape Varieties in 1997.
Characteristics
The Dunava harvest is consistently high - at least 130 centners per hectare.
The taste of the berries is harmonious, with slight nutmeg notes. Excellent taste is also demonstrated by Velika, Ruta, Knyaginya Olga and Chocolate.
The sugar content of grapes ranges from 16 to 21 percent. The acidity of the berries is slightly higher than balanced - from 5 to 7 g/l.
Tasting scores for ripe Miracle of Bulgaria grapes, just picked from the bush, are high (8.2 points): the berries are crisp and dense. However, if you cut the bunches immediately after coloring, i.e. about 10 days before they ripen, the taste of the berries is worse.
The harvest tolerates long-term transportation well (vinegrowers joke: “at least transport it in bags”), and wasps do not spoil it. The maximum permissible subzero temperature for grapes is 20 degrees Celsius.
Dunav is grown by many winegrowers, because this variety bears fruit early, its berries, red and large, look attractive to buyers , and the taste does not disappoint them. In the south it ripens around August 10-15. Ripe grapes hang on the bushes for a long time without cracking.
Industrialists often order the Miracle of Bulgaria from gardeners.
Let us outline the main advantages of Dunav:
- not prone to cracking;
- not problematic in terms of transportation;
- does not fall off the bush;
- 2 - 3 stages of harvesting;
- the clusters are even, of normal density;
- predictable variety, unpretentious, produces a stable harvest year after year;
- Dunav can be eaten if you have diabetes.
Disadvantages of the variety:
- not drought-resistant;
- susceptible to mildew;
- does not tolerate frost well (below minus 20);
- simple taste.
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Diseases and pests
Dunav grapes are the Miracle of Bulgaria, moderately resistant to diseases. Particularly susceptible to infection by diseases of fungal etiology.
With strong thickening, he often suffers from mildew (score: 3.5), and is affected by oidium (score: 2 points). Fungus on grapes usually appears after a cold snap, when it rains frequently and cold dew falls in the morning.
You can cure the bushes like this: in May, spray with “Ridomil”, after half a month with a preparation containing copper (for example, “Oxychoma”), after half a month repeat spraying with a copper-containing preparation (you can use another, for example, “Ordan”).
After harvesting, apply Ridomil again. You can prevent mildew and oidium, as well as prevent the appearance of rot, by providing the bushes with good lighting and ventilation.
You should also not neglect the prevention of such common grape diseases as anthracnose, bacteriosis, chlorosis, rubella and bacterial cancer. If taken in time, they will help preserve both the plants and the harvest.
The bush is formed in a high standard. Fruiting vines are pruned into 8 buds. The cuttings root well. The fruits appear after a couple of years. Dunav should be planted in sunny places. This plant is moisture-loving and loves nutritious soil. In order for the vine to ripen better and sugar to accumulate in the berries, fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium are systematically applied to the soil.
Secrets of caring for the Bulgarian variety
As Dunav grapes grow, they need frequent watering, constantly loose soil and plenty of sunlight. When the first leaves appear from under the grape bushes, it is necessary to remove the top layer of soil. In this way, it will be possible to harden the seedlings and make it easier to care for the roots. In the summer, the upper shoots of the roots will need to be removed at certain intervals. At the same time, the root system of the grapes will constantly deepen and receive water from the bowels of the earth in summer, and in winter the roots will not be afraid of frost. At the end of August, you need to add some soil again at the base of the seedlings.
Bunches of Dunav grapes
Useful video
Dunav is a marketable grape variety: the yield from the bushes is high (1 bush - at least 30 kilograms), clusters with large, beautiful berries. Its taste is simple. The berries are not very sweet, but without strong sourness. To be fair, it should be said that not everyone likes the taste of Dunav due to its simplicity. Lovers of sweet berries rarely like it. But, as they say, the taste and color... And this variety has a lot of advantages.
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Growing
Dunav does not tolerate frost very well, due to low frost resistance, this does not particularly affect the berries, since the ripening period is sufficient for the grapes to ripen before frost. The critical temperature in winter is minus 18-20. Therefore, the variety is grown in the south of Russia, in Bulgaria, Moldova, etc. SvetolyubivVlagolyubiv
Planting, care, and growing conditions for Dunava do not have any fundamental differences compared to other grape varieties.
This is one of the most famous Bulgarian varieties, not suitable for cultivation in the northern and central regions of Russia. However, it takes root well in young regions, as well as in Moldova and in its homeland - Bulgaria. Dunav loves moisture very much, but does not tolerate heavy rainfall.
Growing grapes on the site
It is best to plant Dunav by rooting cuttings. In this case, the first fruits suitable for harvesting appear already in the second year. The planting technology using this method is quite simple. First of all, you need to wait for extra shoots to appear on the plant. This happens in early spring. The shoots need to be cut and cuttings made from them, each of which should have 3-4 buds.
Another method of planting cuttings is done primarily in the fall. In the process of pruning grapes, cuttings are cut from healthy bushes and cleared of tendrils and dry leaves. The thickness of the cutting should not exceed 1 cm, and the length should not exceed 55 cm. There should be 3-4 buds on each segment. After cutting, the cuttings need to be soaked in water for a day. Next, we cover them with paraffin and pack them in bags. The preparations must be stored at a temperature of 0 to 7 °C for at least 3 months.
Read more: Long-awaited grape variety description
After this, experts advise keeping the workpieces in a solution of fumar or humisol for another day. The next step will be planting the cuttings. To do this, the workpieces are placed in small containers filled with dry sawdust. You need to make sure that the temperature at the base of the roots is slightly higher than the air temperature.
