How to grow virgin grapes from seeds and cuttings, types and varieties with photos

Wild grapes: care and planting of hedges, proper formation and wintering.

Wild grapes can serve as an excellent decoration for the garden, or turn into impenetrable thickets, especially if you do not care for them properly.
Often, ornamental grapes, planting and caring for which actually will not cause any particular difficulties even for novice gardeners, require some simple manipulations necessary to preserve their decorative appearance and active development. So how to care for wild grapes? Watering and weeding wild grapes

As with any other plant, growing virgin grapes is impossible without basic care techniques.

Mature wild grape plants do not require frequent watering. During the season, 3-4 waterings with a consumption of about 10 liters of water per plant will be enough. In hot weather, the frequency of watering is increased, making sure that the soil around the plant does not dry out completely.

It is useful to periodically loosen the soil around the plants to remove weeds. At the same time, it is worth making sure that the roots of wild grapes are not exposed. If this happens, they must be sprinkled with a sufficient amount of earth. Along with loosening the soil, excess young growth is often removed, which over time can grow from tender shoots into dense thickets, which will be very difficult to cope with.

Mulching will have a beneficial effect on decorative grapes. The soil around the trunk is covered with a 6-centimeter layer of peat, humus or compost. With the onset of autumn, the old layer of mulch is buried in the soil and a new one is poured.

Features of the formation of girlish grapes

In caring for the plant, an important place is occupied by the creation of appropriate support for the girl’s grapes and its correct formation.

Knowing how quickly wild grapes grow (increasing the growth of vines by 2-4 m per season), even before planting a seedling in a permanent place, you should think about suitable support, because in 2-3 years it can grow greatly even with weak support branches may collapse under their own weight. That is why you should prepare a stable trellis for girl’s grapes, which, for example, can be securely fastened to the wall of a building. You can also use a pergola or arch as a support for wild grapes. When forming a hedge, you can use a chain-link mesh to secure the vine vines.

To control the location of the shoots, at first it is necessary to tie the girl’s grapes to a support, securing the lashes in the desired direction. To further control the growth of the vine, you will need formative and sanitary pruning. It should also be remembered that if you tear off the lashes from the support, in the future they will no longer be able to attach themselves again, so it will be easier to trim them and form the plant from scratch.

The actual formation of the plant is carried out taking into account several nuances.

1. It is important to initially correctly form the “skeleton” of the plant, so that in the future there will be fewer problems with rapidly growing shoots. At first, young lashes must be fixed on a support, giving them the necessary direction.

2. If it is necessary to form a thick and uniform crown, the stems of wild grapes are cut with pruners at a certain height from the ground, and the young shoots are evenly distributed over the support. It is important to do this before the shoots become woody and rough.

3. It is better to remove excess and unruly shoots immediately so that the plant does not take on a sloppy appearance.

4. The cut must be made no further than 5 mm above a healthy bud, from which young shoots will subsequently grow and hide the cut.

5. When the formation of the base of the vine is completed, the gardener can periodically carry out sanitary and restraining pruning.

6. Restraint pruning is carried out throughout the year in order to avoid thickening of the plant. In the case when the plant, for one reason or another, has been neglected and turned into a shapeless pile of shoots, they are shortened to the required length, and all tangled and thickened lashes are cut out. Soon wild grapes, which cannot be cared for without pruning, will produce new growth from awakened dormant buds.

7. When talking about how to prune virgin grapes, you cannot miss an important agrotechnical technique called sanitary pruning. It is carried out mainly in the spring and consists of removing weak and damaged shoots, including those damaged by frost.

8. To maintain the decorative appearance of virgin grapes throughout the year, it is also necessary to trim off faded leaves and fruits. Although the ripening clusters also have a rather attractive appearance, when they fall off, they form an unsightly mess on the surface of the soil, and young bushes sprout from the sown seeds in the spring, which over time can greatly thicken the plantings.

How to create a hedge from virgin grapes

Wild grapes, the care and planting of which often turns into a fascinating activity, are excellent for creating a hedge. At the same time, it is again important to correctly approach its formation, which begins already in the first year of planting the plant, since in the future it will simply be impossible to cope with its long and rapidly growing shoots.

Initially, vines are “trained” to grow like a fan. To do this, the lashes in the form of rays are evenly distributed and fixed on a support so that they cover the entire area allocated for the plant. If you correctly and promptly tie up the vines of wild grapes at this stage, then their formation in the future will not cause any particular difficulties.

Features in regions

When planting grapes, it is important to take into account the characteristics of the region.

Siberia

Planting and caring for plants in Siberia is almost no different from the principles of cultivation in other regions. Lianas develop well with any planting method (even in open ground). The simplest method is to use seeds (planted in spring and summer). The principle of preparation for landing (depending on the time of landing) was discussed above.

Middle lane

In central Russia, as a rule, propagation by cuttings is used for planting in the spring. When slicing, each of them should have 4-5 buds.

Until February, cuttings should be stored in a cellar or in a refrigerator at a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius.

In February, the cuttings are cut so that 2-3 buds remain on each piece.

Before planting, they are soaked in water.

Moscow region

Due to the favorable climate, the principle and technology of planting virgin grapes are similar. The main thing is to prepare the soil and, if necessary, mix it with sand, humus, and gravel.

Description of Maiden's Grapes

Maiden grape is a tree-like, deciduous vine. Under natural conditions, it is found in the central part of North America and Asia, namely in the southeast of Canada, in the center and east of the USA, in the eastern part of Mexico, in eastern Russia, Korea, and China. But as an ornamental crop it is grown all over the world.

The liana of this plant grows up to 30 meters in length. Young shoots are reddish in color; over time they become dark green. The culture climbs along smooth surfaces, attached with special tendrils with 5-8 branches and suction cups at the tips. The plant grows quickly in different climate zones.

In autumn, the Maiden grapes change color to crimson, which looks very beautiful

Leaves, dissected into 3-5 leaflets. They are petiolate, ovoid in shape, attached to a single, central petiole. The upper part of the leaf is pointed, the edge is jagged. The color of the front part of the leaf is green, and the back part is blue-green, with slight pubescence. In autumn it changes to crimson, which looks very beautiful.

Flowers appear at the end of spring. They are small in the culture, collected in apical inflorescences, in the form of branched panicles with a central axis. Each inflorescence has approximately 80-150 greenish buds.

The fruits are dark blue, but from the outside they may appear black. They are about 6 mm in diameter and ripen by the end of August or September. They are not edible for humans, but birds happily eat them.

Soil preparation

The optimal soil composition is loamy. The culture feels comfortable on various soils. But for planting in beds, you can mix sand, humus and garden soil in a ratio of 1:2:2.

Preparing the bed

For parthenocissus seedlings, pits of 50x50x50 cm are prepared. The bottom is covered with a drainage layer of small crushed stone and pebbles. The recommended depth is 20 cm. Cover the top with soil mixture. You can add about 1 liter of wood ash. Thanks to this preparation of the soil and beds, the plant will be provided with nutrients for 3–4 years.

Planting methods

The principles of planting depend on the propagation method, as well as the climatic conditions of a particular area.

Cuttings

Cuttings are the simplest and most common method of propagating parthenocissus. The material is obtained by cutting last year's vines. The cuttings should be 15 cm long, with 4–5 internodes.

Correctly root cuttings like this:

1. Make a hole 20 cm deep.
2. Pebbles or gravel are poured onto the bottom, then compost.
3. The cutting is placed in the hole at a slight angle.
4. Sprinkle with soil so that a few buds remain above its surface.
5. Place a support for tying.
6. Water periodically until leaves appear on the plant.

By shoots

To propagate wild grapes by side shoots, the vines are laid out in those places where they plan to get young plants, for example, along walls or fences. The shoots are secured to the ground with pins and sprinkled with earth. Rooting occurs quickly.

Seeds

Propagation of decorative grapes by seed method is a labor-intensive process. In addition, specimens grown in this way do not always inherit the characteristics of the mother plants. This must be taken into account when breeding varietal hybrids.

Sowing seeds can be done in spring or autumn. In the second case, the planting material is stratified for 2 months so that they subsequently enter the active growth phase. In March, the container with the crops is placed in a sunny place. And seedlings with the first true leaves are transplanted into open ground.

In open ground

To plant girlish grapes in open ground, you need to:

1. Clear the area of ​​weeds.
2. Make it more loose and breathable by adding a little peat and sand.
3. Dig planting holes no more than 50 cm deep at a distance of 100 cm from each other and build barriers along their walls to prevent the roots from spreading.

Care after landing

Caring for the vine after planting is easy. The main activities are watering, fertilizing and pruning.

Necessary conditions for cultivation

Parthenocissus is undemanding to conditions, can grow in most climate zones, and can withstand even severe cold and heat.

What to feed and how to water

Feeding and watering do not take much time and effort from gardeners.

Feeding of virgin grapes is carried out in the spring. Nitroammophoska is added to the soil at the rate of 50 g of the drug per 1 m2 of area. Then, with the onset of summer, the following fertilizers are applied:

• Kemira Lux;
• Station wagon.

It is enough to apply 200 g of product under the bush.

After each watering, it is advisable to loosen the soil, clear it of weeds and mulch. To do this, you can use peat, sawdust, mown grass, and rotted leaves.

Watering mode

Newly planted parthenocissus must be watered as the earthen clod dries out until it is completely rooted. Watering of adult specimens is carried out less frequently, once a month. Approximately 10 liters of settled water is added to each plant.

Growing vines

Maiden grapes begin to actively grow from the third year of life. The first few years, as a rule, are spent on the formation of the root system. When the length of the root processes reaches 100 cm, an increase in green mass occurs. To prevent the garden plot from becoming overgrown with virgin grapes during this period, you need to carefully look after it: get rid of root shoots and seeds sprouted from fallen berries.

Shaping and trimming

With proper and timely pruning, the plant receives more strength to form thick, large foliage and looks very impressive.

Timing and features of pruning

Decorative grape vines must be pruned. Young shoots are attached to supports and sent in a certain direction. Thickening lashes, as well as damaged or dried shoots, are removed using pruning shears. The sanitary pruning procedure is carried out in the spring. With the onset of summer, when the parthenocissus is actively developing, its lashes are shortened and excess branches are cut off.

Video: autumn pruning of wild grapes

It makes sense to prune virgin grapes with the onset of autumn. The video instructions answer questions about the purpose of pruning and how to do it according to the rules.

Transfer

The optimal time for transplanting wild grapes is the off-season. In summer, compact varieties can be subjected to this procedure. But it is performed only in case of emergency, since the culture does not tolerate transplantation well. The plant is pre-watered, then proceed as follows:

1. Prepare a planting hole in advance with a drainage layer and a nutrient mixture at the bottom.
2. Carefully dig up the bush and take it out of the ground along with the earthen lump, so as not to damage the root system.
3. Lower the bush into the hole and cover it with earth.
4. Watering is carried out.

Until the wild grape bush is completely rooted, the soil around it is moistened every day.

Varieties of virgin ivy

There are two main varieties and approximately 19 varieties of virgin grapes, which are grown everywhere for decorative purposes.

Photo of five-leaf maiden grape

• Five-leaf girlish grapes are also called Virginia grapes. The lashes grow about 20 meters long, and can be longer. Leaves with 5 branches. The most famous variety of this type is Engelman. It is distinguished by wide leaves. The growth of the vine per year is 50-100 cm. Five-leaf maiden grapes are highly resistant to frost and grow best in the sun.

Step by step planting guide

After the location has been selected and the soil and planting material have been prepared, it is possible to transplant the seedlings. To make it, it is enough to fill wide containers (boxes) with soil mixture, lay out certified seeds and cover them with a thin layer of soil.

Two weeks after the emergence of shoots, picking is carried out into separate glasses. As soon as the height of the seedlings reaches half a meter, transplantation can be carried out. It will take place in several steps:

1. At a distance of about a meter from each other, dig small holes about forty centimeters deep.
2. Mix the soil from the holes with sand and compost. Place drainage on their bottom.
3. Sprinkle a little soil over the drainage and plant the seedling at a slight slope (the plant should be removed from the pot along with the lump of earth).
4. Fill with prepared soil mixture and water thoroughly.

Scheme of planting five-leaf grapes (maiden grapes) in the soil.

Planting without seedlings is also possible. For this:

1. Two to three days before planting, remove the seeds from the refrigerator and soak them in a cloth with water at room temperature.
2. Dig a trench in the soil about half a meter deep. Lay out a layer of drainage about twenty centimeters thick.
3. Sprinkle a mixture of soil, compost and sand over the drainage.
4. Make holes about two centimeters deep and carefully place the soaked seeds in them at a distance of about half a meter.
5. Carefully water the bed.

Reproduction of Maiden grapes

To successfully breed girlish grapes, you need to know how they reproduce.

• Seeds . To propagate virgin grapes by seeds, you need to take seed only from ripe, rotten fruits of the crop. The pulp is removed before this. Sow seeds in autumn or spring. Before sowing, they are soaked in water for 2 hours. After this, the seeds are sown.

• By layering . In this case, 1-2 year old canes with buds are selected and buried in the spring to a depth of 5 cm so that the end of the cane remains on the ground. To prevent the wind or other disasters from lifting the whip from the ground, you can secure it with wire, a peg or something similar. Now all that remains is to water the plant correctly, then the vine will quickly take root and grow. After rooting, the young plant is separated from the mother plant and replanted if necessary.

Methods of propagation of Maiden grapes

Maiden grapes are propagated by different methods, but in any case, during the rooting of the crop and the development of its root system, it is important to ensure adequate watering, soil moisture and, if necessary, spraying.

When to plant?

To obtain the expected density and density of virgin grapes, it is important to know the subtleties of planting them. The best time for such work is spring and autumn.

Spring

When choosing a “spring” planting option, you need to keep the seeds in cold water and wait until they are filled with liquid. After this, they are placed in a container with moistened sand and placed in a cold room (5 degrees Celsius) for 60 days. After this, the seeds are ready for planting.

It is worth noting that if you decide to plant ordinary grapes, then storing the cuttings until planting in the spring is a mandatory procedure.

Autumn

If planting is done in winter (September-November), the seeds are kept for 4 days in cool water, and after filling with liquid they are planted. There is no need to store them in a cold room, because during the winter the plant undergoes the necessary stratification.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of spring planting are the low probability of shoot death after germination. Over the summer and autumn, the girl's grapes have time to strengthen. The autumn planting method is also not without its advantages. In this case, the growing season increases and the grapes develop faster. In addition, there is no need to keep the seeds in the cold, because in winter they already undergo the necessary processing.

Planting vines Maiden grapes

It is better to plant girlish grapes in a sunny area. It should be taken into account that only with sufficient lighting the plant will delight in the color of its leaves. So it is often planted on the south side of the garden. If you plant the crop on the western or eastern side, it will grow quickly and will delight you with large leaves. But on the northern side there will be slow and weak development.

It is better to plant girlish grapes in a sunny area.

Planting of maiden grape seedlings is carried out at a distance of 50-70 cm from each other. You can plant them in a row or in a checkerboard pattern. The hole is made up to 50 cm in depth, no more and the same in diameter. Drainage is placed at the bottom (broken brick, pebbles, coarse sand or something similar), and a layer of earth is placed on top. In terms of soil, the plant is unpretentious. The main thing is to fertilize the soil, dig it up and loosen it so that it is soft before planting. The ideal composition is 2 parts garden soil and compost and 1 part sand.

The plant is placed on the soil layer and covered with soil on all sides. The root collar is not buried. After planting, you can water the beds and mulch as necessary. This is especially necessary in hot regions where the soil dries out quickly.

Landing technology

Planting principles may vary depending on the chosen propagation method, climate characteristics and planting location (outdoors or indoors). The greatest difficulties await the summer resident when planting in open ground.

In open ground

The grape variety in question grows in any land.

• Before planting, the surface is cleared of grass and debris.
• If the soil is too heavy, a sand or peat base is added.
• To create a continuous green layer, the planting depth should be up to 50 cm.
• The walls are strengthened with a barrier (protects against the spread of the root system).
• A drainage of about 20 cm is laid at the bottom.
• The distance between the seeds is about a meter (personal recommendations for each variety).
• The hole is filled with earth and watered.
• It is important to ensure that no crust appears.
• At the first stage, guide supports are installed so that the sprouts reach the wall.

Caring for Maiden grapes

Growing virgin grapes is not at all difficult. It grows quickly and does not require serious care.

Slugs may appear on five-leafed maiden grapes

• Watering is carried out frequently during drought. The rest of the time, water is needed in moderate quantities - once a week. The root system of the crop is well developed, so water it abundantly so that the soil is saturated.
• removal and soil loosening are carried out as necessary, although it should be noted that virgin grapes grow like a weed, so there is no need to worry too much about the looseness of the soil or weeds.
• Pruning is carried out several times a year if you need to shape the plant. If you want the vine to wrap around a building, a garter may be required.
• Fertilizers are mainly applied organic (compost, humus, ash, herbal infusions). It is best to do this in the summer, when the plant is suffering from heat, the rainy season or similar disasters. In the spring, if the vine does not grow at all, you can add 40 g of nitroammophoska to the soil.
• winter preparation required. The crop is resistant to frost, and how can you cover a plant that has entwined a building, for example? But, if there are concerns, you can mulch the root zone with 25 cm of peat and cover the base of the maiden grapes. It would be enough.

Maiden grapes are practically not damaged by diseases and insects. Very rarely, if there are a lot of aphids in the garden, they can settle on this crop. Then you can treat it with “Aktara”, “Fufanon”, “Tanrek”, “Fitoverm”.

Girlish grapes are pleasing in appearance. This is a very beautiful crop with richly colored foliage. Coniferous crops, climbing roses and flowers like clematis get along best next to virgin grapes. It is believed that virgin grapes protect against noise and dust and improve the microclimate in the area. In the summer, entwining the building, the vine keeps the inside cool and fresh, and during the rainy season it protects from dampness and cold.

Grapes: care in autumn, preparation for winter, pruning

For grapes, the autumn period is very important, because at this time the beginning of the correct further formation of the vine is laid. The quality of the berries and how productive the next season seems will depend on how the plant entered autumn. As the last autumn warmth subsides, the vine will prepare for winter sleep. But she is not alone: ​​both pest pupae and plant pathogens prepare to spend the winter in the most “comfortable” conditions.

Therefore, when preparing grapes for winter, it is necessary not only to provide the vine with everything necessary for a successful winter, but also to ensure the destruction of all harmful microorganisms and pests. It is very important to carry out such processing in the required period, which may vary in calendar terms in different regions. It is necessary to process the vine taking into account the age of the grapes, use the correct technique and apply the most effective chemical and biological means of protection.

Soil, time and place for planting

Maiden grape is considered a very powerful and fast-growing plant that does not care where it grows. You need to know that the color of the leaves will depend on the degree of illumination. This is a very important point for those who decide to use the vine for decorative purposes.

If the maiden grape is in the sunny side, the leaves will be orange, red or purple. In the shade on the north side of the building they can remain green until frost sets in. Thanks to this feature of the plant, you can create entire wall compositions with different colors and shades.

Despite the fact that some experts recommend planting the vine in the fall, there is no guarantee that it will take root faster and grow huge and beautiful next year. First of all, everything depends on the climatic conditions of the region and seasonal weather. However, it is possible to plant and care for virgin grapes even in Western Siberia.

The soil for virgin grapes can be anything. The plant is able to grow even in the most unfavorable conditions. But it is best, of course, to plant it on fertile soils that easily allow moisture to pass through and do not retain it. You can also prepare the soil in advance. It is enough to dig a hole 60*60*60 centimeters, pour drainage into the bottom in a layer 15 centimeters thick, and cover it with fertile soil with humus and sand on top.

Maiden grapes from seeds: stratification and sowing in open ground

Planting girlish grapes can be done in various ways. If you already have such a vine growing on your site, then its propagation will not be difficult. However, to get a new plant, you can grow it from purchased seeds of a new variety you like.

When and where to plant girlish grapes?

Seeds of decorative vines are planted immediately in open ground. This can be done both in spring and autumn. But in any case, planting material should be prepared.

Before spring planting, it is necessary to stratify (cool) the seeds:

1. Two months before planting in open ground (approximately February), the planting material is wrapped in gauze and kept in cold water until it swells.
2. Prepare a container with wet sand into which the swollen seeds are placed.
3. The container with planting material is kept for two months at an air temperature within +5 degrees. You can use the vegetable drawer of the refrigerator.
4. Two days before planting, the seeds are soaked in water at room temperature, first wrapped in a gauze cloth.

In order not to bother with seed stratification, you can plant girlish grapes directly on the plot in the fall at the end of September or beginning of October. In winter, planting material will undergo natural stratification. In this case, the seeds will only need to be kept in cold water at room temperature for a few days. When they swell, you can start planting grapes.

Choosing a landing site

The choice of site depends on the plant variety. Some varieties of wild grapes love partial shade or even shade, while others prefer well-lit areas, otherwise their leaves will lose their decorative appearance. With a lack of light, the leaves of the vine will remain green in the fall. They only turn purple or red in good light.

You may be interested to know: Clematis in autumn: care and preparation for winter

Also, the site must be protected from cold and strong winds.

How to plant girlish grapes?

It is recommended to plant the vine in loamy soil with a slightly alkaline, slightly acidic or neutral reaction. Planting sites should be located near a fence, barn, gazebo, or house walls. It is not recommended to plant the vine near wires, sewers and water pipes.

Before sowing the seeds, the soil is dug up and leveled with a rake. The seeds are planted to a depth of 1 cm. The distance between them should be from 50 to 100 cm. The plantings are watered and supports are immediately installed so as not to injure the roots of the plants in the future.

Caring for virgin grapes after planting

If the seeds were planted in the fall, then friendly shoots will appear in the spring. After spring planting, the first seedlings will appear in about a month. They are watered regularly as the soil dries out. Particular attention should be paid to soil moisture during dry and hot periods.

When the shoots begin to grow, the plants are fertilized with nitrophoska, which will need 45 grams per square meter of land. Experienced gardeners recommend using Kemira Universal fertilizer or any other product, the use of which will stimulate the growth of green mass. It is recommended to apply fertilizer in the morning or evening.

To prevent the soil from drying out and less weeds growing around the plants, it is recommended to cover the tree trunk circles with a 6 cm layer of mulch. Peat, humus or compost can be used as mulch. In the fall, the soil is dug up along with mulch, thereby feeding the plants and preparing them for winter. A new layer of mulch is poured on top.

Caring for mature plants

Watering of virgin grapes is carried out three or four times during the season. Up to 10 liters of water are poured under each bush. If it rains regularly, the plants are watered after the top layer of soil dries out.

Feeding is carried out throughout the season. At the beginning of summer, nitrophoska is used, and in the middle of the season, complex mineral fertilizers are used. A good top dressing is mulch, which is described above. Fertilizers are applied to the soil after rain or watering.

It is also necessary to loosen and weed the soil after watering. Sometimes wild grapes may have exposed roots. In this case, they need to be covered with earth.

Preparation for winter will be needed only if varieties that cannot tolerate severe frosts have been planted or if the winter is expected to be snowless and cold. In this case it is necessary:

1. Cover the tree trunk circles with mulch and cover them with spruce branches.
2. Remove and place the lashes on the spruce branches.
3. Cover the shoots with spruce branches.

Maiden grapes - pruning

To prevent your ornamental vines from turning into sloppy thickets, as soon as the shoots begin to actively grow, you will need to form the main skeleton of the grapes. To do this, you should use a special pruning shears. Having selected the main shoots, they need to be tied to a support, and the remaining branches should be cut off above a healthy bud.

After this procedure in spring and autumn, you will only need to cut out dried, broken, diseased and excess shoots. You should also limit the growth of the shoots you leave so that they do not grow too tall.

Reproduction

Maiden grapes can be propagated in the following ways:

Cuttings

Using cuttings, you can quickly and easily propagate virgin grapes. Even if there is not a single plant, you can ask a neighbor for planting material in the form of cuttings or find it on the edge of the city, in a forest plantation. The easiest way is to root woody cuttings. The main thing is that the cuttings have three healthy green buds.

The thickness of the branch should be about a pencil. You need to cut the branch into pieces 25-30 centimeters long. The depth of the hole in which the segments need to be planted should be 7-10 centimeters. It is necessary to bury the cuttings so that only 2 buds are underground and the rest are above the surface.

After planting, the cuttings must be watered. In summer, the plant needs to be watered more abundantly. This way it will grow more actively. It is also necessary to build a shelter from the sun.

Seeds

This kind of grapes can be planted using seeds, but this process is very long. Sow seeds in late autumn or early spring. Before planting in the autumn, virgin grape seeds must undergo stratification under natural conditions. In the spring they will have to be stratified artificially. The seeds will sprout only next year at the beginning of summer.

Grape seeds do not lose their viability for about a year if they are stored at room temperature. The sowing depth in the soil should be about 1-1.5 centimeters.

Root suckers

It is also very easy to propagate virgin grapes using root suckers, since they are quite easy to dig up and transplant to a new place for further growth. Root shoots are formed at the base of the vine as a result of rapid branching of branches.

By layering

A minimum of effort needs to be put into propagating the plant by layering. To do this, you need to lay out a bunch of grapes on the ground. Then pin it with wire in the places where the knots are located and sprinkle everything with earth. During hot weather, water the whip generously. Next spring it is necessary to divide the buds, namely, carefully dig up the roots and transplant them to a new habitat.

How to preserve in winter?

Maiden grapes are characterized by increased frost resistance, so adult plants do not require any shelter for the winter. But young, immature seedlings should still be covered.

Sanitary pruning, carried out in the autumn, is not a mandatory preparation procedure for the winter.

Due to its growth characteristics (unpretentiousness and rapid growth), virgin grapes are perfect for vertical gardening (decorating country houses) and landscape design.

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Features of care

In order to improve the growth of seedlings, it is necessary to fertilize. This procedure is recommended several times a season. The first feeding is carried out in the spring. For one cubic meter of land you need to add 40-50 grams of nitroammophoska. As soon as the grapes begin to grow, it is necessary to apply 100-200 grams of fertilizer, which is called “Kemira Universal”.

Tripointed grapes are fed with potassium fertilizers in the autumn. For rapid growth, you can feed the plant with aquamarine. 50 grams of this substance per 1 square meter is enough.

Do not forget that the soil around the grapes needs to be loosened, weeds and dry leaves removed. The growth of virgin grapes can also be controlled. It is enough to tie it in the right way. Many gardeners prune vines for the winter using pruning shears. If you want to form grape bushes of a certain shape, then you need to carefully monitor this. When forming it, the following rules are used:

• Young shoots should be secured to a support. This could be a wall or a fence, and then direct them in the right direction;
• If you cannot overcome unruly shoots, you can simply remove them;
• All weak and damaged shoots should also be removed. The procedure is carried out every year and is called sanitary or containment pruning.

Varieties and types

Five-leaf maiden grape is distinguished, as the name implies, by palmate leaves consisting of five narrow leaves. The leaves are dark green in color; in autumn the leaves turn red. The shoots of five-leaf maiden grapes can reach twenty-five meters in length.

Maiden grapes are triacid. The shape of the leaves of the Maiden's grape triacum resembles ivy leaves, which is why the grapes received the name “ivy grapes.” Tripointed girlish grapes have several subtypes, differing in leaf color.

The rapid growth of Maiden grape vines (from two to three meters per year) is both an advantage of this plant and its disadvantage. It is necessary to carefully monitor the growing shoots so that they do not crawl where they should not.

Maiden grapes are also successfully used to decorate balconies/loggias in apartments. Maiden grapes are characterized by resistance to winter frosts; for the winter it will be enough to cover them together with the flowerpot after pruning.

Maiden's grapes easily adapt to any support, which many gardeners take advantage of with pleasure, using maiden's grapes to decorate hedges. A hedge made of maiden grapes will perfectly hide the territory from strangers, protect from street dust and noise, as well as wind, and create additional shade.

How to properly transplant grapes to a new place in the fall

It is better to move the plant at this time of year, because the soil is warm and moist.

When the growing season of the plant is already over, but the roots are still strong, they begin to replant the grapes.

Selecting a location

If these are technical grape varieties, then wine from vines grown on rocky, acidic soil will have a more subtle taste. At the same time, Riesling, Traminer and Silver varieties prefer soils with a pH of 4–5. Table species with high fruit sugar content and late ripening are grown in warmer areas. On the contrary, colder areas are chosen to grow grapes with high acidity for light table wines.

The following can be planted between the rows of grapes:

Potatoes, corn, eggplants, tomatoes, and sweet peppers should not be placed near the vineyard.

Preparing the site and soil

To prepare a place for grapes, you need:

1. In the selected area, they dig up the soil with a selection of weeds and the application of potassium and phosphorus fertilizers (1 tablespoon per 1 sq. m.).
2. Then they dig a hole 50 x 50 x 50 cm.
3. Add 2 buckets of a mixture of humus and garden soil.
4. The age of the bush should be taken into account - the older the plant, the larger the hole will be required, since the root mass is larger.

Preparing the bush for transplantation

1. Watering is stopped after 15–20 days.
2. Trim the vine according to age and coat the cuts with garden varnish.
3. Dig the bush at a distance of 50–60 cm, while cutting off the long roots at a depth of 45–50 cm.

Direct landing

You can plant a plant with:

• bare root system;
• lump of earth (transshipment);
• partial lump of earth.

Transshipment is most preferable, especially for mature plants 2–5 years old. With this method, the dug up bush is removed from the ground and moved to a new planting hole, covered with soil, compacted, watered (20 l) and mulched.

Transplanting with a completely or partially exposed root system requires abundant watering per day. Then:

• the bush is dug to the depth of the heel roots (50 cm);
• lift, tapping with a stick, shake off the ground;
• shorten them by 2 cm and dip them in a mixture of clay (2 parts) and manure (1 part);
• carry out landing.

After transplantation, weakened plants require good care.

Video: How to transplant an adult grape bush

At what age are grapes replanted?

Bushes of different ages require different approaches:

• 1-year-olds take root quite quickly if you take cuttings with several shoots and roots from 10–12 cm;
• 2-year-olds are transplanted without fear, cutting off up to 2 eyes;
• 3-year-old plants (adult plants with lignified arms and a powerful root system) are dug up 50 cm from the neck, cut off to 4 eyes, since the roots damaged during transplantation will not be able to feed the large above-ground part;
• It is very difficult to dig up 4-5 year old ones, since the roots go very deep - a large planting hole is prepared for them in advance, and the grapes are cut to 5-6 eyes.

It makes no sense to replant older plants, since the roots will be damaged to a large extent and nutrition will be disrupted. In this case, it is better to take cuttings from them or propagate by layering.

Threats to grapes during transplantation

In the process of digging up a bush, part of the root system is inevitably lost, which, with insufficient care or freezing, can lead to the death of the plant. Also, after transplantation, fruiting of grapes is disrupted for 2–3 years. If this does not happen, then you should not allow it to bear fruit artificially so that the root system is fully restored. Moving to a new place can also negatively affect the taste of the berries. In addition, there is a risk of infection with black cancer or phylloxera.

Is it possible to replant grapes at all?

Some gardeners are against replanting grapes, as this procedure can lead to infection of the plant with phylloxera

Transfer of vines can be carried out in the following cases:

• unlucky place in the original version - drafts, insufficient lighting, poor soil;
• The need to move the vineyard to a new location;
• When planting, varietal characteristics were not taken into account - the plants are vigorous, but located very close or not grouped by variety;
• Oppression of the vine by a neighboring crop.

It is also necessary to pay attention to the age of the grapes.