Chermashnaya cherries: description and characteristics of the variety, planting and care, pollinators

Description and features of the tree

The description of the plant includes such characteristics as height, crown, pollination, flowering, yield, fruiting and storage of berries.

Crown height and branching

The trees are low-growing, reaching a height of 4-5 meters. They grow and develop quickly, gaining a height of up to 1 meter in one year. The crown is round or oval, raised. The branches grow sparsely. The shoots are woody, straight, dark brown in color. The leaves are large, green, lanceolate-shaped. The surface of the leaf plate is smooth, matte, the edges are wavy.

Pollinator varieties

Chermashnaya cherry is a self-sterile variety. To obtain an ovary, it must be planted next to pollinating trees.

Important! The flowering of the pollinator and the cherry tree should occur during the same period.

Pollinator varieties include:

Raditsa;
And the way;
Crimean;
Chocolate girl;
Crimean;
Bryansk pink;
Leningradskaya black;
Fatezh.

Flowering, fruits, yield

The period of fruit ripening begins in the third year of vegetative development. Until this time, it simply blooms and gains strength. It produces white flowers, which consist of 5-6 petals, with a yellow core. One inflorescence contains from 2 to 6 flowers. Afterwards the fruits are formed. Flowering occurs before leaves begin to form.

Produces fruits of medium size, light yellow in color; with increased access to sunlight, the berries have a pink tint. The maximum weight of one berry is 4.5 grams. The shape of the fruit is round. The pulp is juicy, sweet, yellow. The skin is dense, inside there is a small seed that is easily separated.

The highest yield occurs in the 6th year of development. Up to 30 kg of fruits are harvested from one tree. The average age of the Chermashnaya cherry is 25 years. The ripening of berries occurs in several stages, so the harvest is harvested gradually.

Transportability and scope of application of berries

Most often, cherries are used fresh. It is also processed into compotes, jams, and preserves. Berries are stored in a cool place for up to 4 days. If it is necessary to freeze the berries, it is advisable to save the cuttings, then they can be stored for up to 4 months. After defrosting, they retain their sweet taste.

For transportation of berries, cuttings must be preserved, and harvesting is carried out in dry weather.

Transportability

The berries of the variety are transportable. They can be transported both close and long distances. The main thing is to organize the harvest intended for transportation in dry weather and tear off the berries along with the tail.

Next, the collected cherries are packaged in wooden containers of 5 kg and transported.

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Next, the collected cherries are packaged in wooden containers of 5 kg and transported.

Characteristics of culture

Important characteristics of the crop include resistance to frost, drought and immunity to diseases and insects.

Resistance to low temperatures and drought

Trees tolerate low temperatures below – 20 °C. However, their buds are not so resistant, and if severe frosts are forecast during their formation, it is recommended to take action. Also, for regions where winter temperatures drop below -20 °C, it is necessary to cover the tree for the winter.

The tree is moisture-loving and tolerates hot, dry climates well with sufficient watering. However, it is not recommended to plant seedlings in places where water is stagnant; the development of the tree will be slow.

Susceptibility to disease and insect infestation

Cherry is resistant to fungal diseases, especially moniliosis and coccomycosis. In hot weather, it is susceptible to attack by harmful insects that feed on the leaves of the tree. It is recommended to carry out preventive spraying to prevent their attack. Under optimal conditions, the plant rarely gets sick.

How to plant cherries on a plot

In order to plant cherries on a plot, it is necessary to follow the planting rules, timing, choose and prepare the right place, and choose a worthy seedling.

Recommended timing

Planting of seedlings is carried out in autumn or spring. In the autumn, planting a tree is more risky, as it may suffer from frost if it does not have time to take root. The maximum time for autumn planting is October. After the manipulation, it is necessary to insulate the cherries.

Only 10-14 days are allotted for spring planting. You need to catch the moment when the snow has already melted, the soil has warmed up, and the movement of sap in the tree trunks has not yet begun. This period falls in mid-April or early May, it all depends on the region.

Important! If there are blossoming buds, the planting will be unsuccessful and the cherry will not take root.

Selection and preparation of a site and planting hole

Chermashnaya prefers well-lit areas with full daylight. Places with constant drafts and lands with frequent flooding are not suitable for the tree. Cherries grow well in loose loamy soils. Peat, sand and clay are not suitable for planting. Also, the plant does not take root in acidic soil, but this is easy to fix. Add dolomite flour to the ground.

A pollinator must grow near the tree. The distance between neighboring trees should be at least 3 meters.

The pit has been prepared since autumn. Dig a hole 70 cm deep and about 1 meter in diameter. The lower layers of soil are removed and replaced with drainage when planting. Gravel or pebbles are used for drainage. The topsoil is mixed with fertilizers. Use 2 buckets of humus and 1 bucket of wood ash. If the soil is not fertile, then add 100-120 grams of superphosphate. If the soil is dry, then water it with 50 liters of water and leave it until spring.

Choosing a healthy and strong seedling

It is best to purchase seedlings in specialized stores or from trusted sellers in markets. When purchasing, it is better to choose a 1-2 year old plant, as the chances that it will take root are higher. In the spring, you should pay attention to ensure that there are no buds on the seedling, this reduces the risk of its survival. The seedling itself must have dense living branches, without mechanical damage or cut areas on the trunk. The roots must be intact and strong, without rot.

The neighborhood of cherries with other crops

The sweet cherry tolerates proximity well to other varieties of sweet cherries and cherries. It should not be planted next to plums, apple trees, apricots, and walnuts.

Important! The best neighbors for Chermashnaya are other varieties of cherries.

Landing technology

Landing is carried out according to the following algorithm:

Drainage with a depth of 10-12 cm is laid in a hole prepared in advance.
Install a support stick to protect the seedling from strong winds.
The roots of the seedling are straightened.
Place the seedling in the hole.
Sprinkle with soil mixed with fertilizers in layers.
Each layer is trampled down with feet to create a dense soil adhesion.
The root rod should rise 7-8 cm above the soil.
Leave a recess around the trunk with a diameter of 25 cm.
Water it with water so that the soil is moist to a depth of 50 cm.
The central shoot is cut off to form a lush crown.
The seedling is tied to a support stick.

Subtleties of landing

The key to successful tree growth and productivity depends on proper planting. Before allocating a worthy place in the garden for a seedling, a number of preparatory procedures should be carried out. The soil where the tree will be planted must be fertilized with nutrients, because the young specimen needs strength to take root in a new place.

The variety tolerates frost well, which is especially important for our climate, where temperatures can be frighteningly low. However, this does not mean that the seedling will survive any weather. It is recommended to plant it in early spring.

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The most suitable area will be a well-ventilated area of the garden, where the seedling will receive the maximum amount of sunlight. Cherries will take root well on fertile and loose soil, where moisture easily penetrates. It is better to give preference to sandy or loamy soil. The tree will not take root on peat and other heavy soils.

For particularly responsible gardeners, the following recommendations are important:

Acidity – it should be neutral, no more than 6.5;
The location of groundwater is no closer than 1.7 m.

It is worth avoiding lowlands, since this is where water most often accumulates, the roots of the tree are flooded, rot and it dies.

We organize tree care

For successful development of the tree and obtaining a good harvest, it is necessary to organize proper care of the cherry tree: timely watering, fertilizing, caring for the tree trunk, pruning, covering for the winter.

Watering

Watering is done every 2-4 weeks in the amount of 7-8 buckets. During the period of fruit ripening, the amount of water is increased to 10-12 buckets. Two weeks before the fruits ripen, they stop watering completely. In the fall, when the cherries are preparing for winter, the amount of water is reduced. Since the Chermashnaya cherry variety tolerates drought quite easily, if there is no possibility of watering, nothing will happen to the tree. It is especially important to observe the watering regime before fruiting begins.

Feeding Chermashnaya

For fruit-bearing and young trees, fertilizer application is carried out according to different schemes.

Fertilizing young trees

Young seedlings need additional nutrients for accelerated growth and strengthening. They are fed with urea in the spring. Fertilizer is given both in dry form and in dissolved form. Cherries take the remaining substances from fertilizers applied during planting. This lasts her for 2-3 years.

Under fruit-bearing trees

Fruit-bearing trees consume more minerals from the soil, as they need to form fruits. In the fall, after harvesting, reduce the addition of urea by 2 times and begin to feed with other fertilizers. 200 grams of superphosphate, 100 grams of potassium sulfate, 1 kilogram of wood ash are buried under the ground of the tree trunk circle. For the winter, the tree is mulched with 3-4 buckets of humus. In the spring it is sealed up.

Tree trunk care

After planting, the tree trunk circle is mulched with various compounds. These include: humus, peat, pebbles, dried grass, straw. This provides additional moisture retention and prevents drying out. This method also protects cherries from the development of infections and attacks by harmful insects.

Pruning and shaping low-growing cherries

The first pruning is carried out immediately after planting. Cut off the central shoot. New shoots of young trees are cut back by 1/5 every year. This creates a low-growing plant, which makes harvesting easier. An adult tree is pruned after picking berries, and dry and damaged branches are removed. When branches grow densely, they are thinned out.

Preparing for winter

After the last winter watering and digging up the tree trunk circle, it is mulched with humus or straw. The trunk is treated with whitewash, this helps to repel rodents that feed on the bark. For greater reliability, the trunk is additionally wrapped with special agrofibre.

Origin

The description of the Chermashnaya cherry variety should begin with information about its origin. This species was created through the efforts of specialists from the All-Russian Breeding Institute of Horticulture and Nursery Growing.

Scientists conducted an experiment, as a result of which open-pollinated seeds of another variety were sown, namely Leningradskaya Yellow. It was crowned with success, and A.I. Evstratov, Kh.K. Enikeev, N.G. Morozova became the authors of the new variety. It is best grown in the Central region of Russia and some areas of the Non-Black Earth region.

How to propagate a culture?

Cherry trees are propagated by cuttings. Prepare a landing site with suitable soil in advance. Dig holes 40 cm deep. Place drainage at the bottom of the hole. Prepare a small frame and film. Cut cuttings 30 cm long. Each of them should contain 5-6 leaves. All cuttings are placed in water with a root growth stimulator. Use it strictly according to the instructions.

After the roots develop, the cuttings are transferred to the prepared holes. The frame is installed and covered with film, creating a mini-greenhouse. Within 21 days, the cuttings take root. After which they are planted in designated places. Bury the cuttings to a depth of 20 cm, leaving a depression in the hole.

Reviews from summer residents about the variety

Alexey, 38 years old, Tver: “I planted the Chermashnaya variety of cherries 6 years ago. The seedling took root easily and quickly. I carried out the work in early spring, before the buds formed, applied fertilizing, and closer to summer the tree blossomed. It is growing rapidly. Every year I trimmed the shoots to prevent it from growing tall. Started producing berries last year. They taste great and are yellow in color. We didn’t try to store everything; everything we collected was immediately eaten and processed. The jam turns out very tasty.”

Artem, 56 years old, Chelyabinsk: “This year I bought several Chermashnaya cherry seedlings at the market and planted them next to the pollinator. Planting was done for the winter. Prepared the hole. I planted it and mulched it. I insulated it for the winter because I was worried that it would freeze. In the spring, buds began to form, and by early summer it bloomed. I hope the variety will justify itself.”