Fruits and berries » Grapes
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Kira Stoletova
Dixon grapes are a relatively new variety that has already gained public recognition. The main advantages are high yields and resistance to frost. Suitable for cultivation in all regions of the country.
Characteristics of Dixon grapes
Characteristics
The variety was brought to the territory of the Russian Federation in 2014, and it was bred in Ukraine in the Zaporozhye region. Dixon was obtained through amateur selection; the well-known amateur breeder A.V. Burdak worked on it. Atlant and Angelica were used as parent varieties. During the work, a new frost-resistant and high-yielding variety was born, which gained popularity in a short time.
“Dixon” can be considered an early ripening variety; the harvest ripens 105-120 days after the buds open. In the southern regions, you can enjoy ripe berries already in mid-August, and in the middle zone in early September. The bushes are medium-sized, have a well-developed root system, are powerful and strong. Under favorable conditions, the shoots ripen well and reach a length of four meters. The leaves are emerald green and medium in size. The flowers are bisexual, and this pleases many gardeners, because in this case there is no need to plant pollinator varieties.
The clusters are large, elongated, weighing from 600 grams to one kilogram. If agricultural practices are followed, gardeners have the opportunity to grow larger brushes, weighing 1.5 kilograms. The berries are oval-shaped, large, one weighs from 16 to 21 grams. The skin is dense, yellow-pink in color. The pulp crunches when eaten and contains a large amount of juice. The grapes taste very sweet, with fruity notes.
A distinctive feature of Dixon is its high yield; one adult plant, with proper care, produces approximately 20 kilograms of harvest. The bunches can hang on the bush for a long time, while the taste and product qualities do not deteriorate. After picking, the brushes are stored in a cool, dry place for up to 3 months. The transportability of the bunches is also at a high level; they can be transported over long distances without damage.
Interesting!
The branch of a six-month-old seedling should be 6-7 mm in diameter.
In the southern regions, the vine can do without shelter for the winter. "Dixon" can be classified as a frost-resistant variety; it tolerates cold temperatures down to -24 degrees Celsius. The berries have universal uses; they can be eaten fresh or processed. Winemakers often use them to make dessert wines. The fruits also make delicious juices.
Recommendations for plant care
In order for the crop to develop normally and produce a bountiful harvest, it is worth providing it with proper care.
Watering rules
It is recommended to moisten the soil every 10-15 days. It is worth pouring at least 25 liters of warm water under 1 bush. After each watering it is worth weeding the soil. For the first few years, the procedure is performed as carefully as possible so as not to damage the young plant.
See also
Description and characteristics of Traminer grapes, cultivation and careRead
Feeding and fertilizers
To feed grapes, you can use organic matter or mineral fertilizers. It is recommended to mulch the soil with organic means before winter. To do this, at the end of October you should mix compost, humus and straw in a ratio of 1:2:2. Cover the tree trunk circle with the resulting composition.
Before flowering begins, potassium nitrate should be added. For 10 liters of water you need to take 30 grams of the substance. After flowering ends, apply a superphosphate solution. For 10 liters of water you should take 40 grams of the product. For 1 bush use 25-30 liters of solution.
Pruning and shaping the bush
It is recommended to prune grapes in the spring. In this case, you need to remove diseased and dried branches. It is recommended to leave a maximum of 6-8 eyes on the shoots. Thanks to this, fruits will appear. The remaining shoots are removed because they will grow tendrils that absorb a lot of nutrients.
Wintering
The plant can withstand temperatures down to -23 degrees. When cultivating grapes in the southern regions, they do not need to be covered. In the center and north of Russia, the bush needs insulation.
Advantages and disadvantages
Over the years of Dixon's existence, gardeners have already managed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the variety. The hybrid has a huge number of privileges. As for the disadvantages, the variety has not yet been well studied, and the serious disadvantages of Dixon have not yet been noticed.
Advantages:
- winter hardiness;
- possibility of transportation and long-term storage;
- rich berry taste;
- attractive presentation;
- high yield rates;
- no need to plant a pollinator;
- universal application;
- high survival rate of planting material;
- excellent immunity;
Planting and care
Grapes are planted in spring or early autumn, in dry, warm weather, in a pre-prepared planting hole. Drainage is placed at the bottom of the hole, the rest of the space is filled with fertile soil mixed with sand and humus. At first, the young bush requires careful care, regular watering, loosening the soil and removing weeds. Later, watering is reduced, carried out only 3-4 times per season, depending on the weather. It is better to mulch the soil; mulch will prevent the growth of weeds and retain moisture; there will also be no need to loosen the soil.
Important!
To plant grapes, you need to choose well-lit areas.
Every year it is recommended to cut the vine by 7-8 buds, taking into account that the maximum load on the bush should be 35-40 buds. Like any crop, grapes love fertile soil rich in nutrients. Therefore, it is necessary to apply fertilizer three times a season; both mineral complexes and organic substances are suitable.
Throughout the season, gardeners advise removing shading foliage and growth. And tie up large and heavy brushes. When the leaves begin to fall, they should be removed immediately. Before winter, moisture-recharging watering will be useful for grapes; this procedure will help the plant recover after fruiting and prepare for winter. Despite its frost resistance, it is better to cover the vine for the first few years; for this purpose, non-woven covering materials, foliage, sawdust and spruce branches are used.
How and when to plant Dixon grapes
It is better to plant it before the first frost (usually in April or October) in a well-lit place. The growth rate and sugar enrichment of the fruit will depend on this. Holes for planting are dug in advance, about a month before planting. Humus is placed at the bottom of the hole. After this, compact and water generously. Then they cover it with fertilizers, for example, peat, compost, grass.
Important! Dixon grapes should be planted in warm, sunny weather to prevent mold from appearing at the initial stage.
Diseases
“Dixon” is one of the disease-resistant varieties; it is almost not susceptible to common infections. However, if the summer turns out to be rainy, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures that will help protect the bushes from damage by gray mold, bacteriosis or moniliasis. It is not difficult to detect the presence of a fungus; in case of infection, a coating appears on the foliage, vines and fruits, and the berries may begin to rot.
As for pests, they rarely attack plants, but precautions will not harm. To scare away birds, you can build a scarecrow or cover the vineyard with a protective net. If there are a large number of wasps in the area, the bunches are hidden in special bags.
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Harvest and storage
Fully ripe brushes are cut off for storage. To do this, use garden shears; the tool must be disinfected. It is better to try not to touch the berries; they are covered with a waxy coating that protects them from spoilage. The brushes are sorted out, discarding damaged ones, and carefully placed in boxes. Store grapes in a cool, dry place, periodically sorting them.
Briefly about the Dixon variety and its characteristics
Dixon grapes are a hybrid, the bunch of which is quite powerful; it can reach sizes from 750 to 1500 g. The berries are finger-shaped and pink in color, at the end of the spout the color gradually turns yellow. By weight, grape berries grow up to 20 g.
They have a variety of fruity flavors and ripen in mid-September. “Dixon” is a frost-resistant grape variety; it can withstand frost down to -25 degrees, and is therefore recommended for cultivation in many regions of Russia.
Reviews
Stanislava
“Dixon” is one of the youngest varieties on my site, but during this time I have already fallen in love with it. The berries are very tasty, sweet, and children like them. I hope to make juice from grapes next year, since so far the entire harvest is quickly eaten. My bushes did not hurt, pests do not bother me. In spring and summer I carry out standard preventive treatment with Bordeaux mixture and copper sulfate.
Valeria
My sister brought me a seedling of the Dixon grapes from Ukraine, she highly praised this variety. This year we harvested our first harvest, only two tassels, but they are incredibly tasty. I didn’t prune it the first year, but I plan to do it this year. I covered it for the winter, even though I live in the Krasnodar region, I heard that young plants are very afraid of even slight frosts. In the fall I sprayed the vine with an antifungal agent, and in the spring with Bordeaux mixture. There have been no problems yet.
Control of diseases and pests of grapes
Grapes of this variety are susceptible to bacteriosis and moniliosis. It is impossible to cope with bacteriosis. If the disease develops, the bush will have to be completely removed. To eliminate moniliosis, you can use a solution of Bordeaux mixture. To prepare it you need to take 10 grams of the substance per 10 liters of water.
Dixon is resistant to pests. For preventive purposes, it is recommended to systematically remove weeds. The plant is also treated with copper sulfate every month.
