Description of the “Vector” potato variety, recognized as an achievement in the work of Russian breeders

Potatoes "Vector" are a table variety with good consumer qualities. Due to its adaptability to soil and climate, the species is suitable for cultivation in areas of the middle zone and the North-West region. In addition to universal use, it has a lot of useful qualities, which will be discussed in the article. To complete the description, photos of the “Vector” variety of potatoes and reviews of those who grew them will be used.

Description of the variety

Getting acquainted with the Vector potato variety should begin with a description of the characteristics of the vegetable and reviews from gardeners. This is the most significant information for those who want to plant a variety on their site. The consumer qualities of Vector potatoes are quite high, so its cultivation is very profitable.

Potatoes "Vector" are varieties of Belarusian selection. It is distinguished by good disease resistance and the ability to bear fruit in regions with different climates and soil composition. According to the description, sod-podzolic and swamp-peat soil is best suited for planting Vector potatoes, but on other soils the variety also gives a good harvest. “Vector” was obtained by crossing the species “Zarevo” and “1977-78”.

The description of the Vector potato variety should begin with the parameters of the bush. The plant is medium-sized, semi-erect. The leaves are small, dark green in color, the flowers are purple. There are 10-15 inflorescences on one plant. The variety does not respond well to thickening. Despite the average size of the bush, you should strictly follow the pattern when planting Vector potatoes.

In terms of ripening time, the “Vector” potato variety is classified as medium-late. Tuber formation ends 85-110 days after planting.

Productivity is an important characteristic when describing Vector potatoes. Up to 14-15 high-quality tubers are formed on one plant. The average yield in the fields is 45 t/ha, and under favorable conditions it increases to 70 t/ha. The tubers are medium in size, pink in color, oval in shape. The weight of one is 120 g. The eyes on root vegetables are shallow, in small quantities. The peel is brown, dense.

The taste qualities of Vector potatoes are highly valued. According to a five-point system, they are rated at 4.6 points. The pulp of the tubers is hard, but has good juiciness and does not darken during heat treatment. This allows the table variety to be used for various culinary purposes. Despite the fact that Vector potatoes get a little mushy when cooked, the tubers are excellent for making chips.

The next worthy characteristic is that Vector potatoes store well. Waste during the winter is no more than 5%.

The variety exhibits high resistance to late blight, viral infections, common scab, Alternaria, and the causative agent of cancer. However, it can suffer from striped and wrinkled mosaics and leaf curling. Among the pests, the most dangerous is the golden cyst nematode.

Taste qualities of potatoes Vector

Professionals give a tasting rating of 4.7 points on a five-point scale. The flesh is crisp and juicy, without the noticeable bitterness that is typical of other varieties. It is known from consumer reviews that the taste of Vector potatoes is very good, as described, and does not have a soapy or watery aftertaste. Vector potatoes contain:

• starch 16.7-17.5%;
• sugar 3.7%;
• water 78%;
• vitamins and mineral salts in small percentages.

Advice!
Diabetics should not eat Vector potatoes due to the large amount of starch. The variety is intended for table use, so the dishes are very juicy and tasty. Large and smooth tubers are actively used for making chips. Squeezed potato juice is also used for gastritis. Dry leaves and pure starch are used in folk and traditional medicine. Freshly cut potatoes prevent blisters from severe burns.

Advantages and disadvantages

It is better to group the main characteristics of the Vector potato variety using a table. This will increase visibility and make it easier to perceive information.

The list of advantages of the variety is much larger than the list of disadvantages, which is why the “Vector” potato variety is very popular among vegetable lovers. To get a high-quality harvest in large volumes, you need to plant correctly.

Features of cultivation

Planting material needs to be given special attention. After all, the future harvest directly depends on the size, quality and condition of the tubers.

There is an opinion that small potatoes can grow into large tubers; this is a misconception. To get a good harvest:

1. Tubers need to be chosen a little larger than a chicken egg.
2. There should be no fungal manifestations, cuts or stains on the peel.
3. There should be the largest number of eyes.

Attention! To increase the yield, you need to germinate the potatoes; to do this, it is better to put them in a bright and warm room; you need to warm them up in the sun for several days.

You can sprinkle the tubers with sawdust and water them with warm water; this procedure can speed up the germination process. If you buy potatoes for planting on the market and they already have sprouts, then you should not break them off or damage them, this will affect the future harvest.

Plant tubers according to the following scheme:

• the holes should be at a distance of 20-30 centimeters;
• between rows approximately 70-80 centimeters;
• The planting depth is selected depending on the region; in the southern regions it is 10 centimeters, in the northern regions – 15.

It is recommended to plant small tubers in pairs with large ones, and it is advisable to cut too large ones with the same number of eyes, this can increase the germination and yield of potatoes. Vector is unpretentious to various types of soil, but better yield results can be achieved if the soil is slightly acidic or neutral.

The vector does not require maintenance. Like any culture, it needs:

• watering;
• insect and grass control;
• hilling;
• fertilizer.

The vector tolerates drought well, but regular watering will not hurt. It is not recommended to allow the soil around the bushes to dry out and crack. Water potatoes twice a season. Moisten the first time when the first shoots have just appeared, the second time - before the crop has flowered. It is not recommended to water the crop after it has stopped budding; late blight may develop.

Hilling and harrowing

Usually gardeners do not pay due attention to hilling, but in vain, this procedure is important for obtaining a good harvest. The soil is filled with oxygen, but for sufficient saturation it is necessary that the soil be soft to the touch, weeds disappear, and the tops do not bend to the ground. You need to hill up potatoes twice a season:

• when the green part is just gaining growth;
• approximately two to three weeks after the first hilling.

You can also carry out harrowing - this is removing weeds before the first shoots of the crop sprout. This method can destroy most of the weeds and the potatoes will have more moisture and nutrients in the ground for growth and development.

It is very important to control weeds at the very beginning of crop growth. There is such a weed as birch, it wraps around the potato, sucking all the juices out of it, preventing it from developing

Please note! If you do not fight weeds, the potatoes will do it themselves, but then the tops will grow very tall, and the tubers will be small.

Fertilizer and Harvest

Fertilizer must be applied to the soil correctly. In the fall, after the garden has been harvested, prepare it for the next season. You can add humus and wood ash to each hole when planting - this is direct feeding. It is not recommended to apply nitrogen-containing fertilizers during the active growing season; they stimulate growth, but at the same time slow down the development of tubers. There is no need to worry about an overabundance of fertilizers; the yield will not suffer from this, but you need to be careful with organic fertilizers.

Harvesting occurs around mid-September, but depending on planting time, three and a half months must be counted. Another warning sign to harvest potatoes is the fact that the berries turn a dark green color. The tubers have a dense peel, so both manual and mechanical harvesting is possible.

Cleaning recommendations:

1. It is best to dig potatoes in dry weather, possibly with wind.
2. It is not recommended to harvest the crop in rainy weather; excessive moisture can cause the tubers to rot.
3. Be sure to dry the potatoes before storing them for two weeks in a warm, bright room.
4. It is advisable to store it in wooden boxes in the basement or cellar.

Experienced gardeners advise sorting it out before moving it to storage. It is better to keep the planting material separately from the main potatoes; in addition, you can immediately remove damaged or diseased tubers so that healthy potatoes do not deteriorate from them. It has an excellent percentage of safety; if you follow the basic rules, the indicator reaches from 90 to 95.

Planting a variety

Proper planting of Vector potatoes includes several stages. Each has its own nuances and subtleties. The final result – the yield – depends on the thoroughness of each step. The most important are:

1. Selecting planting material and preparing it for planting.
2. Landing dates.
3. Soil preparation.
4. Planting “Vector” potatoes on the site.

Let's look at each stage in more detail.

Selection and preparation of planting material

The most crucial moment. The further development of the potato bush depends on the health, quality and even size of the planting tubers. Vector potatoes for planting are selected according to several criteria - size, appearance and shape. It is best to plant tubers of the same size. It is optimal to choose potatoes that are not too small or large. According to reviews, the best results are obtained when planting tubers the size of chicken eggs. An even shape of the seeds, without sharp bends or creases, is welcome. Each specimen should not show signs of pest or disease damage. In the description of the “Vector” variety of potatoes and reviews, it is noted that the tubers have a small number of eyes. But for propagation, it is good to leave potatoes with the largest number of buds.

The photo shows an example of high-quality seed material:

Important! If the seeds are purchased with sprouts, breaking them off is strictly prohibited.

This technique will significantly reduce germination.

There is one more nuance. When the “Vector” variety is purchased only for propagation, all available tubers are used.

To speed up the process of seed germination, pre-sowing preparation is carried out for tubers. The main stage is germination. Vector potatoes are placed in boxes or on another flat, dry surface in one layer. After 7-10 days, sprouts will appear on them. Vector seeds germinate even faster if you place them in damp sawdust, periodically watering them with water. 2-3 days before immersion in the ground, the Vector tubers are warmed up in the sun.

Landing dates

According to the description of the variety and reviews from gardeners, it is best to plant Vector potatoes in May. At the beginning or middle of the month - this date is chosen depending on weather conditions and the characteristics of the growing region. It is important to take into account that the soil temperature before planting should be at least 10°C at a depth of 10 cm. Before the planned planting time, the tubers and the site should already be prepared. We have already described how planting material is prepared; now we will focus on preparing the site for Vector potatoes.

Soil preparation

A site is selected with good lighting and moisture permeability of the soil. If the water stagnates, the crop will simply rot.

Potato variety "Vector" is an unpretentious species. But if you properly prepare the site, the yield increases significantly. It should be remembered that the variety prefers loamy soils with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. Grows well on black soil and sandy loam. To improve conditions for plant development, the site is prepared in the fall. When digging, add organic fertilizers per 1 square meter. m of area in the following quantities:

• 3-4 kg of humus;
• 100 g wood ash.

At the time of planting, the following is additionally added to each hole:

• double superphosphate – 15 g;
• potassium sulfate – 12 g;
• urea – 10 g.

Planting process

The area is cleared of plant debris and weeds and ridges are outlined. Dig holes according to the markings. The depth of the planting hole directly depends on the composition of the soil. On clayey soil it is 5 cm, on sandy soil it is 10 cm.

The distance between the bushes is maintained in the range of 35-40 cm. The row spacing is about 70 cm. Vector tubers are placed in the holes with their sprouts up.

Cover with soil and level the ground with a rake.

Fertilizers for potatoes

Fertilizers are applied during the spring digging of the site, distributing them evenly over the entire area. Per 100 square meters they give 500-600 kilograms of manure, humus, peat or composts, 15-20 kilograms of bird droppings, 15-20 kilograms of ash, and mineral fertilizers - 2-3 kilograms of ammonium nitrate, 3-5 kilograms of superphosphate and 1.5 -2.5 kilograms of potassium salt.

This amount of mineral fertilizers can be replaced with 8-10 kilograms of a ready-made mixture (“vegetable mixture”).

When organic and mineral fertilizers are applied together, the greatest increase in yield is obtained. In this case, the doses of both are reduced by half.

A great effect is achieved by adding 50 kilograms of manure, 2 kilograms of super-phosphate and 5 kilograms of lime per 100 square meters. Manure is mixed with lime in advance, and superphosphate is added to them the day before using this fertilizer mixture.

As experiments show, a 1.5-fold increase in the dose of phosphorus fertilizer in the total mass of fertilizers applied to potatoes significantly increases the yield of tubers and their starchy content.

If there is a lack of fertilizer, you can apply it to holes or furrows. In this case, 2 times less fertilizer is spent, and the yield increase is the same as with continuous filling of the soil. A potato bush requires 150-200 grams of humus.

They place it at the bottom of the hole, and plant the tubers in its side. A vegetable mixture of mineral fertilizers needs 3-5 grams per hole. It is mixed with soil or used in the form of an aqueous solution. Wood ash added when planting potatoes improves their taste and increases the starchiness of the tubers. Place one or two handfuls of wood ash in each hole and mix it with the ground.

Peat ash is a valuable fertilizer for potatoes. Experience and practice have established that peat ash is not inferior to wood ash in its effect on potato yield, and is superior to it in its effect on starchiness. The only disadvantage of peat ash is that it should be added in 30-40 kilogram increments.

Per 100 square meters instead of 7-10 kilograms of wood ash. With the local method of application, that is, in a furrow or nest, the dose of peat ash can be reduced by 3-4 times.

Mineral fertilizers or ash are rolled into the hole with a layer of soil of 2-3 centimeters, then the tuber is planted, covered with soil and the area is leveled with a rake.

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Bush care

In the first 2-3 weeks, it is very important to provide the potatoes with conditions for the growth of the above-ground parts. Therefore, the soil is weeded, carefully loosened and moistened. Before the flowers appear, the crop does not need regular watering, but after flowering begins, it is given enough attention.

Important! It is unacceptable to allow the earth to crack due to drying out.

The “Vector” variety is drought-resistant, but it is not worth creating extreme conditions for the bushes. It is better to moisten the plantings as needed. Calculate the total volume of water according to the needs of one plant. One bush needs to consume 2 - 2.5 liters of water. During the growing season, the “Vector” variety needs to be provided with 4 full waterings.

Feeding. Nutrition must be added after the first hilling. You will need to dilute 1 tbsp. spoon of urea in a 10-liter bucket and water each Vector bush with a solution in a volume of 0.5 liters. Fertilizing is applied after loosening. If potatoes are grown on fertilized soil, then you will not need to feed them often. With average soil nutrition, the feeding scheme looks like this:

Potato feeding

Feeding plants with organic or mineral fertilizers is one of the most important techniques for caring for potatoes. It is carried out before loosening and hilling. Dry and liquid fertilizers are used. The first time, fertilizing is applied when the height of potato plants is 10-15 centimeters, the second time - 15-20 days after the first fertilizing.

When dry feeding, one or two handfuls of wood ash, pre-mixed with soil, or 15 grams of well-crushed bird droppings are used for each potato bush. One tablespoon of vegetable mixture of mineral fertilizers per bush is enough.

If nitrogen fertilizer, superphosphate and potassium salt are used separately for feeding, then take one teaspoon of each. Under each potato bush, apply 1-1.5 liters of fertilizer solution.

Dry fertilizing is applied between rows at a distance of 8-10 centimeters from the plants, and with liquid fertilizing, shallow grooves are made with a hoe around each bush or along the rows on both sides of the bushes, into which the fertilizer solution is poured. As soon as the liquid is absorbed into the soil, the furrow is sprinkled with humus, peat, earth, or loosening and hilling are carried out.

Both dry and liquid fertilizers should be applied to moist soil after rain or watering. Fed plants also need to be watered.

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Pests and diseases

When growing Vector potatoes, you need to take measures against the appearance of fungal infections - Alternaria, late blight of leaves and common scab. “Vector” is not completely resistant to these diseases.

To help avoid illness:

• careful seed selection;
• compliance with the planting scheme so as not to thicken the plants;
• compliance with crop rotation on the ridges;
• preventive spraying against fungal diseases.

The most famous potato pest is the Colorado potato beetle. It has to be fought with insecticides and collecting beetles by hand. But parasites such as wireworms, slugs or mole crickets can cause no less damage to the crop. Traps are prepared against them and insecticides are also used, following the instructions of the drug.

Diseases and insects

Potato Vector has a fairly high immunity. It is resistant to a number of diseases. In particular, the vector is not afraid of diseases such as:

1. Cancer.
2. Anthracnose.
3. Rhizoctonia of tubers.
4. Dry fusarium rot.

At that time, it has average protection against late blight, alternaria and scab.

Vector is not fully protected from parasites, like any other variety. Most often it is affected by parasites such as:

• Wireworm. This is an insect up to 2 cm long with a dark head and a bright yellow body. It got its name due to the fact that it somewhat resembles a piece of wire. They fight the parasite with special insecticides (such as Bazudin) or manganese solution.
• Colorado beetle. The most famous potato pest. You can fight it either manually or with the help of special insecticides. Manual control comes down to eliminating the eggs, which are located on the back side of the leaves, and collecting the larvae and adults.
• Medvedka. A large parasite (up to 5 cm) that digs tunnels and destroys everything in its path. Pest control comes down to digging up the soil and adding eggshells to it. You can also use a number of insecticides, for example, Rembek.
• Slug. A slow mollusc, but one that does serious damage. Shows the greatest activity in the dark. Attacks both tops and root crops. Fight slugs with eggshells. It is laid out around the perimeter and when the parasite touches the edges of the shell, it damages its abdomen. Also, use beer traps or roofing felt.

Ekaterina Yurievna, Voronezh, 56 years old.

This is probably one of the most stable strains I have come across. The vector does not require any serious effort to grow. I myself am a lazy person, I don’t like to dig in the garden, but even I can “squeeze” a good harvest out of Vector. I do one hilling per season, sometimes we treat it against Colorado potato beetles, since we have tons of them. I water it only 2 times a season, and then not systematically, when it gets very hot. The taste is excellent, it is most suitable for making purees, as it boils very much.

Ivan Konstantinovich.

I grow the variety in the field for sale. The yield is high, and the marketable yield is also excellent. I have zero problems with parasites; I learned to fight them before they appeared. Transporting Vector is easy; tubers are not damaged during long-term transportation. I’ve been growing it for more than 5 years, so I can give you an assessment. The market sells out quickly.

Elena Viktorovna.

I've been growing it for years. During this time I can fully characterize the variety. Firstly, it grows even if the soil is not particularly fertilized. Secondly, it doesn’t really need watering. I do 2-3 waterings, depending on the opportunity (we live in the city, potatoes grow in the country), and on the heat. The taste is excellent, you can fry, boil and make soup.

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Harvest storage

Potatoes of the “Vector” variety are famous for their keeping quality. But so that he does not lose this characteristic, preparatory measures are taken:

• dry the dug tubers on a dry, flat surface;
• carefully stack the potatoes, first selecting the highest quality ones.

The room is prepared in advance, providing the potatoes with the necessary temperature, storage humidity and the possibility of ventilation.

How to harvest and store crops

Potatoes are collected in sunny weather, dried well, cleared of soil, sorted, and placed in boxes prepared in advance. Only healthy, undamaged tubers are selected for storage.

Frozen, injured, rotting tubers cannot be stored. Their preservation will also negatively affect high-quality root crops stored for storage.

Note! This type of nightshade can be kept in storage separately from other vegetables, or together with beets. Beets placed on top of the tubers will prevent the potatoes from rotting. It will absorb excess moisture in the room.

It is better to store crops in boxes

The Vector variety has good keeping quality. If the storage room is maintained at a certain temperature and humidity and is equipped with ventilation, then the crop will easily be preserved until spring, until the next harvest. Thus, there will always be dishes with delicious boiled potatoes on the table.

Advantages and Weaknesses

Potatoes of the Vector variety offer many strengths, but there are negative aspects.

When choosing a potato variety for cultivation in a specific area, it is worth taking into account all its pros and cons, which will allow you to optimize the quality of seasonal work and increase productivity.

• The main advantages of the variety:
• high yield in any growing conditions;
• drought resistance;
• high commercial qualities and crop preservation;
• possibility of universal use of root crops;
• resistance to most diseases dangerous to nightshade crops;
• good transportability;
• highly rated taste.

• Among the disadvantages are:
• rather long ripening period;
• susceptibility to golden nematode;
• fruits contain a lot of starch.

History of selection

The variety was obtained thanks to the efforts of specialists from the All-Russian Research Institute named after. Lorha." To obtain Vector the following varieties were used:

• Glow;
• hybrid numbered 1977-76.

Did you know? Potato fruits appeared in Europe back in 1580. However, until the 18th century. the plant was not cultivated, since it was believed that eating the roots caused leprosy and other untreatable diseases.

In 2014, potatoes of this variety were included in the state register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation and allowed for cultivation in the central regions.