Canopy for grapes - types and construction features

Types of canopies

The choice of canopy design for grapes depends on the interior of the site, available materials, the skill of the builder and the allocated budget. Based on the materials used, canopies are divided into:

• wire The supports, made of metal rods or reinforcement, have a low cost and can be installed fairly quickly;
• wooden. There are many options for wooden structures. To build the frame of the structure, bars, slats or flexible rods of trees are used;
• structures made from metal profiles are the most durable, but their cost is quite high.

According to the type of construction they are divided into:

• arches;
• gazebos;
• extensions to existing buildings.

Which variety should I take for the gazebo?

Since grapes are often used to create a “hedge,” we decided to focus on a structure such as a grape gazebo . It is most convenient to use Amur grapes. It is a vine reaching 9 meters in height.

Thanks to Amur grapes, your wonderful gazebo will be green from spring until late autumn. In April, the leaves acquire a delicate light green tint, but darken closer to September. The taste of the berries is pleasant - they can be eaten fresh, dry, or processed. Despite the fact that this variety is propagated by seeds, we recommend propagating it by cuttings.

The second decoration option is maple leaf, as well as Japanese grapes. Both varieties have heavy leaves, grow quite quickly, and the berries taste delicious.

If you are interested in varieties that do not need to be covered for the winter, pay attention to Lydia, Alpha, Concord. Even thirty-degree frosts are not scary for them. They grow excellently in the sun, and they also feel excellent in the shade.

Do you live in central Russia? In this case, for the gazebo it is better to take the universal varieties Timur, Victoria or Frontignac. Among the technical crops, Bianku, Prim and Crystal are suitable. Liepajas Dzintars is interesting in its own way, the fruits of which have a special honey flavor.

Tools required for construction

The choice of tool depends on the material of the future structure:

• for marking you will need a level, tape measure, square, hydraulic level, pegs, twine, pencil or chalk;
• a universal tool is a screwdriver, a set of drills, nuts, bolts, screws, a knife;
• to make the foundation you will need a drill, a concrete mixer, shovels and bayonet shovels, containers for sand and crushed stone;
• for the manufacture of metal structures you will need an angle grinder (grinder), a drill and a welding machine;
• to work with wood you need a jigsaw, hacksaw, hammer, nails;
• For final painting work, brushes or a roller are required.

Rules for planting and growing grapevines under a canopy

To make a grape canopy in the courtyard of a private house look beautiful, summer residents devote time to properly planting grapes and carrying out agrotechnical work.

How to plant correctly

Place the canopy with grapes on an elevated area . The soil is dug up and leveled, debris and large stones are removed. The grapes are planted at a distance of 20-30 cm from the frame. The distance between plantings should be at least 100 cm, otherwise in the future the vines will interfere with each other.

The depth of the planting hole is 50 cm . 2-3 weeks before planting, it is fertilized with vermicompost or humus. The grapes do not tolerate waterlogging, so a drainage layer 20 cm deep of fine sand and crushed stone is prepared at the bottom of the pit.

The seedling is placed in the hole, the roots are straightened at an angle, sprinkled with earth and compacted. The shoot is tied to the lower part of the frame and watered with warm water. The canopy in this case serves as a supporting structure. In the summer, when the length of the shoot is 30 cm, summer residents tie up the green parts of the plant.

This is interesting:

What properties should uncovered grape varieties have and which ones are considered the best?

A selection of the best holistically sustainable grape varieties and recommendations for their selection

Uncovered grape varieties for the Leningrad region

Grape care and formation

During the first 2-3 years, the grapes are formed so that the young vines are at the top and the beginning of the sleeves is at the bottom. In subsequent years, gardeners remove old and damaged shoots. If this is not done, the vine will be “shaggy” and the yield will decrease. Grapes are formed in early spring (before the start of sap flow) or autumn (a month before the onset of frost). The procedure improves the appearance of the vines.

Water the grapes once every 2-3 weeks. Lack of water leads to the fact that the roots grow greatly in search of moisture and take it from other plants. In addition to watering, grape leaves and vines are sprayed with water from a spray bottle. This is especially important for grapes that grow under a continuous roof.

Attention! Under the canopy, stable yields of the Moskovsky Sustainable, Vostorg, and Michurinsky varieties are shown. They are frost-resistant and rarely get sick.

Site marking

Before marking, you need to decide on the location of the gazebo on the site. It is important that the structure fits organically into the landscape of the garden; next to it there is free space for a recreation area and barbecue.

On a note!

An interesting landscape solution is the location of the gazebo next to an artificial pond.

The gazebo is located on a flat, elevated area of ​​the territory. The soil at the site of future construction is leveled and large stones are removed. Next, measure out the required distance and drive stakes into the corners of the future building. The squareness of the marking is verified by the equality of the diagonals between the corners.

Construction of a green gazebo: frame

We propose to create a “living” grape canopy on a metal frame - it is reliable and durable. A profile pipe will allow us to build a regular gazebo, as well as a multi-faceted, arched and even dome-shaped one.

Of course, you won’t always have a pipe bender at hand. However, the pipes can be bent as needed at the place where you are going to buy them. Companies involved in the sale of such products often provide the service for an additional fee.

To make a frame you need to do the following:

• Make markings on the surface of the earth.
• Dig holes for pipes in increments of 180-200 centimeters. Depth - about 70 centimeters.
• Pour sand into the bottom of each hole and pour in a little solution.
• Install the racks and completely fill them with concrete.
• After the racks are poured, pipes are welded at a height of 70 cm. The next horizontal tier is mounted 40 centimeters higher than the first. In the same way, you mount the third tier, as well as the crossbars on the roof.
• Please note that even before constructing the frame, each pipe must be painted with acrylic enamel. This will protect the metal from corrosion and make it more durable.

Instead of metal pipes, you can use wooden beams. But keep in mind that grapes can grow in one place for 150 years or more, while timber dug into the ground begins to rot within ten years.

Canopy for grapes made of wire and metal

The fastest way to make a canopy for a vine is from wire and a metal profile.

1. Holes are dug under the pillars with a garden drill to a depth of 50-70 cm. The distance between the pits is 1.5-2 meters.
2. For supports, take a square pipe 3.5-3.7 meters long, install it in pits and concrete it. If a sloping roof is planned, some of the pillars are installed to be longer.
3. From above, along the perimeter of the structure, horizontal piping of supports is made. A metal profile or board is used for strapping.
4. The beams of the truss structure are placed on top of the horizontal frame and secured.
5. The roof is made of profiled iron or polycarbonate. Instead of covering material, you can stretch a wire through 40-50 cm. The growing branches of the vine provide excellent shelter from the sun.
6. A wire is pulled between the supports every 50 cm.
7. Anti-corrosion protection is applied to the metal parts of the structure, and antiseptic protection is applied to the wooden parts.
8. The grape bushes are planted along the supports and braided into the wire frame of the canopy.

On a note!

In order to save on support pillars, you can use a pipe of any cross-section or angle.

The most “budget” method of making a canopy - details about the main thing

If the task is to cover the sky above your head with green grape vines this year and it doesn’t really matter how this is done, you can invest only 500-800 rubles . With this money you can build a canopy measuring 10x5x3 meters (length, width, height). Let's get down to business.

1. We install metal supports in parallel in 2 rows, the length of the row will be 10 meters, the width between them will be about 5 meters, and the distance between two supports in one row will be no more than 2 meters. Each support will be approximately 3 meters in height - this is enough. The role of support will be played by a profiled pipe (square) with a shelf size of 25 mm. The cost of such a product is approximately 20 rubles per 1 meter, if you buy it at a metal depot. Total, only 10 supports of 3 meters each = 30 meters of pipe costing 600 rubles.
2. We stretch the wire every 50 centimeters along the height of the support along the row, then we tie the tops of the metal squares together, stretch the “crossbars” there every 50 centimeters, we get a kind of mesh. With a cell 50x200 cm.
3. We stretch the last supports in the row. We screw 5 meters of wire 4-5 mm thick, wind the second end to a hammered peg in the ground, and tighten it by twisting the wire. As a result, the entire structure is gradually stretched.

Now everything is ready, the grapes can be planted along these rows, and the shoots will braid themselves and find the place they need to grow. The entire structure will cost no more than 800 rubles if you use inexpensive materials, ordinary braided wire. The disadvantage is its fragility, since under the weight of the grapes everything can stretch and sag. In a year, you will have to re-tighten the guy wires and change the wire.

Welded canopy

Making a welded frame for a canopy is a more labor-intensive task than in the previous version. At the same time, the welded frame has greater strength and durability. For its manufacture, round and square pipes, corners and strips are used. Often frame elements are forged before assembly.

The construction of a welded structure is very similar to the production of a wire frame, the difference is that the horizontal lintels are made from a profile and attached to the supports by welding.

Welded structures

A welded frame made of metal to look like grapes is an option “for centuries.” Making it is more troublesome and more difficult than the previous option, but this canopy is reliable and durable. The steel structure is made of metal pipes of various sections. The choice of shape depends on the preference of the homeowners. By welding it is assembled into a single product. Rules for constructing a welded canopy:

1. Installation of profiled supports involves concreting the lower part, which will ensure the reliability of the structure.
2. The structure will be strengthened by jumpers between the supporting piles.
3. Before installation, all steel elements are treated with anti-corrosion compounds.
4. The upper part of the structure can be open. Over time, the shoots grow, providing “green” shelter from the sun. Or the roof can be built from transparent polycarbonate, which will provide optimal lighting to the plant and reliable shelter from the rain.

A do-it-yourself welded canopy for grapes is decorated with forged elements that add style and elegance to the structure.

Arched canopies

Arches entwined with vines look stunning on a personal plot. Making them will not be difficult. The whole process can be divided into three stages.

1. According to the markings, pillars with supporting platforms are installed at the upper ends.
2. Arches are lowered onto the pillars from above. The arcs are fixed using bolted connections or welding.
3. After connecting, several arched arcs are connected to each other with a square profile pipe to form a gazebo. Several single arches entwined with vines will look especially beautiful.

Arched structures - are they difficult to make?

In fact, making them is much easier than all other buildings, there is only one caveat - you cannot bend the metal yourself, you will have to buy it, and this is very expensive. An arch with dimensions 5x5x3 will cost you no less than 15,000 rubles for materials, so here it’s worth weighing whether you’re willing to pay that kind of money for your grapes to grow beautifully. You can cheat a little, worsening the appearance, and achieve a halving of the price.

To do this, you need to buy ordinary supports, install them using the second method on a columnar foundation, and then put a bent profile on top. This way, your sides remain smooth (they will be almost invisible behind the grapes), and the top is in the form of an arch. Since the arched profile is 2 times more expensive than the usual one, and 60% less of it was used, you will save a lot of money. You can also save on supports if you embroider them with a small pipe, since a narrow profile is also much cheaper than large supports.

Another disadvantage of arched structures is the need to guide the vine so that it always grows along the outer perimeter. If the branches braid the bottom of the arch, it will immediately lose its appearance, and the grapes will be very difficult to find in the green grove. Vineyard canopies with arched elements are much more difficult to maintain. Here you already need to choose the lesser of two evils: either constantly look after the planting, or it is better to make it an ordinary square, which looks less neat, but is cheaper and more convenient.

Alcove

A gazebo is a decoration for a recreation area. Entwined with a vine with hanging clusters of berries, it will be a true pearl of the garden plot. It is quite possible to make it yourself.

Before starting work, you need to draw a plan for the future structure and select the material. A wooden gazebo is considered a classic; products made from profile pipes are distinguished by their sophistication and complexity of shape. The geometric shape of the frame depends only on the imagination of the builder. The rectangular structure with a pointed pyramidal roof looks beautiful; the arched shapes of the pergola are especially charming.

A gazebo for grapes is installed in several stages:

1. The soil area is leveled and the top layer of soil is removed.
2. Along the perimeter, according to the drawing, holes for support pillars are drilled in increments of 1-1.5 meters.
3. The pillars are installed in holes and leveled plumb. The bases of the pillars are poured with concrete.
4. According to the drawing, the horizontal piping of the structure is installed, then the roof is installed.
5. An anti-corrosion coating is applied to the metal parts of the structure.
6. A layer of sand is poured inside the gazebo and thoroughly compacted using a vibrating machine, and tiles are laid on top.

Various types of structures

Before building a gazebo, you need to decide in advance on several issues:

• what the gazebo will be used for;
• where will it be installed;
• what sizes, style and shape to choose;
• what materials to build from;
• how to decorate it.

According to the method of use they are divided:

• for outdoor gatherings;
• for preparing various dishes outdoors as a summer kitchen. Stoves, barbecues, and barbecues are installed inside or near it;
• as relaxation areas with rocking chairs, hammocks, spa pool and fireplace;
• for relaxing near the pool
• for the equipment of a summer cinema;
• for outdoor gymnastics;
• for a cozy rest in the middle of nature;
• for admiring natural scenery by a lake or river.

It can be installed:

• near the house, so that it is convenient to bring dishes and ready-made dishes;
• in the center of the site to enjoy landscape views of the site;
• on the edge of the plot, in a place hidden from prying eyes, to bask in solitude;
• outside the site.

Depending on the size of the family and friends visiting the site, suitable sizes of the gazebo are designed. Its length can be almost any, and its height is standard. The optimal height is 3–3.5 m. This height is convenient both for humans and for caring for climbing plants.

The appearance of the gazebo should be in harmony in style with the house and the site itself. For production, any building materials are used:

• tree;
• logs;
• metal;
• forging;
• brick;
• stone;
• polycarbonate

The shape of the gazebos is also very diverse:

• quadrangular;
• polygonal;
• round;
• combined.

The gazebo can be grown from trimmed linden trees or grapes entwined with metal supports. It can be made open, semi-open, closed, in the form of a canopy; it may or may not have a floor covering, a window and a door. But the gazebo must have a roof, although its shape also depends on the owner’s imagination.

Depending on the type of house and the wishes of the owner, structures are built in the following styles:

• classical;
• Oriental;
• natural;
• rustic.

The last stage of construction is decoration. In addition to various forged garden figurines, weather vanes, and lighting, the main decoration for the gazebo are climbing plants. There are not very many of them in our cold climate:

• clematis;
• roses;
• annual vines (decorative peas or beans, climbing nasturtium, morning glory);
• decorative and fruit grapes.

No matter how beautiful roses and clematis are, traditionally in Russian gardens they like to plant grapes near the gazebo, with which there is much less hassle, and the pleasure of harvesting a good harvest is much greater.

It is better to plant grapes on the south or southeast side of the gazebo. This must be taken into account during its manufacture and the entrance should not be placed on the indicated sides.

A gazebo for grapes should correspond not only to human ideas about comfort, but also to plant ones. Otherwise, instead of lush vegetation that brings a good harvest of excellent grapes, you can get a stunted vine with sour and small clusters.

Features of canopies and gazebos made of wood

Wood is a traditional material for making canopies and gazebos. With proper care, products made from it will serve the owner for many years. Several options for beautiful wooden gazebos are shown in this photo.

Like any material, wood has its positive and negative characteristics.

Positive aspects of wood products:

• the cost of construction from wood is lower than from metal;
• the manufacture of wooden structures does not require highly qualified craftsmen and expensive tools;
• wooden structures fit most organically into the landscape of the garden plot.

Negative aspects of wood products:

• wooden products are less durable than metal ones;
• wood requires regular painting;
• For fire safety reasons, it is not recommended to set up a barbecue under a canopy;
• Boards and beams crack over time and nail joints become loose.

On a note!

A wooden gazebo, built from planed hardwood boards and coated with colorless varnish, looks great.

Suitable grape varieties

The simplest fast-growing vine that does not require shelter is the decorative vine. In just a few years, it will thickly entwine any gazebo, creating a pleasant coolness in it on hot summer days.

Its advantages, in addition to rapid growth, absolute winter hardiness and unpretentiousness, include a beautiful autumn appearance. Before winter, the grapes change the color of their foliage to a bright crimson outfit. Surfaces entwined with grapes look very impressive.

In the regions of the central part of the country, you can plant several varieties of this non-killable plant:

• Amur bisexual;
• Taiga;
• Bruskam;
• Khasansky sweet.

But if you choose from plants with edible berries, then non-covering grape varieties for the gazebo should be selected taking into account the weather characteristics of the region.

In addition to winter hardiness, it is necessary to choose a variety that grows well with minimal care and produces berries with good taste. The length of the plant and the uniform distribution of shoots in the crown are also important.

To get a good harvest of grapes on the supports of a gazebo or arch, it is worth planting early ripening varieties and hybrids.

In the southern regions there are no difficulties with choosing; there are quite enough good varieties.

The following varieties are well suited for the natural zone in the middle regions of the country:

• Isabel;
• Lydia;
• Ontario;
• Amethyst.

In addition to varieties, you can use numerous winter-hardy hybrids:

• Shunya;
• Summer Muscat;
• First-Called;
• Alyoshenkin.

For the more southern Black Earth Region, choosing varieties is also not easy, since in this natural zone the soil often freezes deeply in winter. Suitable varieties:

• Delight;
• Codrianka;
• Beauty of the Don;
• Tukay.

Hybrids with a short ripening period at the end of summer are also suitable for this zone:

• Arcadia;
• Agat Donskoy;
• Bulgaria is resilient;
• Pulse.

The grapes on the arbor are formed in the form of a vertical or fan-shaped bush. Row planting near a small structure is not suitable, there will not be enough space. If the distance is thickened, the berries will grow small and tasteless due to lack of lighting. Each plant must account for at least 3 m of the length of the arbor.

Gardeners use several methods for forming a grape bush on a support:

1. Fan crown. This plant does not have a standard, the bush is formed from four branches about 1.5 m long, the clusters are located every 0.5 m.
2. Vertical cordon. From the beginning of growth, a vertical trunk without lateral processes is formed. In the 2nd year they begin to grow branches at a height of 40 cm. The branches are shortened annually.

In addition to perpendicular posts, transverse connections are often used in gazebos. Then the bush is formed by a Moser cordon, when the vine is planted in the center of the structure and grows along the support equally in both directions.

Uncovered varieties are usually immune to diseases and require minimal care:

• watering before and after flowering (4 buckets are poured under each bush), no watering is required during the ripening period of the berries;
• fertilizing during irrigation (0.5 kg of ash is stirred in 10 liters of water);
• pruning during cordon molding and sanitary;
• preventive treatment against diseases and pests with 10% mullein infusion or whey solution 1:10.

Slanting awnings adjacent to the house

A common practice in the southern regions is to build a slanting canopy next to the house and create a summer recreation area underneath it. The advantages of this structure are reduced cost due to the absence of a rear wall and less wind exposure.

An approximate plan of action for installing a terrace - canopy:

1. Having retreated 3 - 4 meters from the wall, metal pillars are installed - supports. The pillars are connected at the top with strapping and with jumpers between each other.
2. A corner - a horizontal guide - is attached to the wall of the house using anchor bolts.
3. The rafter system is mounted by resting it on one side on the pillars, and on the other side on a horizontal guide on the wall.
4. The roof of the canopy is covered with corrugated sheets or polycarbonate.

On a note

Green plastic mesh attached to the posts provides excellent support for the vines.

Slanting canopies for the house, their features and advantages

Many people build such structures directly next to a house or other building to create a shade under a gazebo or simply create a cozy corridor for movement. The main advantage of such a structure is its relative cheapness, since you already have one wall and it must be made of metal. You build a metal frame 2-3 meters from the house: 30x15 mm supports and several smaller jumpers between them. This structure is then connected to the house. Here it is already necessary to use anchors, since otherwise you will not be able to connect the metal to the brick.

The easiest way would be to weld a plate on the end of the square and make 2 holes in it using an angle drill - this will be a place for the anchor. At the point where the support touches the wall, make holes in the brick for the anchor, screw it through the plate - the support is attached to the wall, you can move on to the next one. Do this until the end of the entire canopy, and the support should be adjacent to the wall at an angle of 45 degrees so that the grapes grow upward along it and do not intertwine. The only inconvenience is that you need to constantly trim the vine that reaches the wall - it will twist and grow in the other direction.

Many gardeners use an ordinary garden net made of plastic with a cell of 40 centimeters instead of metal jumpers - grapes weave along it perfectly, and such a polymer miracle costs a penny. Another advantage of the mesh is its light weight. It does not burden the supporting structure at all. There is also a minus - fragility. Next year we will have to completely change it. However, this minus is questionable, because by changing it, you can cut the entire vine for the winter - it’s very easy to care for, you don’t have to cut the grapes out of the metal frame into pieces.

If you do everything according to the instructions, your grapes will delight you not only in the fall, but even throughout the year with excellent shade and appearance!

Selecting a grape variety for growing on canopy supports

There are several criteria for choosing a variety for growing on openwork canopy supports, but the most important of them is winter hardiness. Branches intertwined through the frame cannot be lowered to the ground for shelter from frost.

The following varieties are considered the most winter-hardy:

• "Lydia";
• "Aleshenkin"
• "Lady fingers";
• "Tukay";
• "Isabel".

Caring for these unpretentious varieties is quite simple; they are well adapted to frost and provide dense shade in the summer. In addition to the above-mentioned varieties, structures entwined with wedge-leaved and Japanese grapes look nice. With good winter hardiness, they provide dense shade and beautiful clusters of berries.

Gazebo designs

The construction stages are standard for any construction:

• layout;
• choice of location;
• construction;
• decoration (painting, planting plants next to it).

Gardeners build a grape arbor with their own hands quite often. If you decide not to buy a ready-made structure, but to do everything yourself, then you should start with the layout.

Most often, gazebos are placed in the depths of the garden, between trees, at a distance of 3–5 m from a residential building. If there is a hearth with a live fire in it, then it is better to place it no closer than 8 m from the house.

Before construction, it is useful to prepare a project in which, in addition to a drawing with calculations of the dimensions of the future building, a calculation of the amount of material used will be made.

The gazebo drawing must take into account the type of foundation chosen. It can be columnar, tape, screw or monolithic. The cheapest and most optimal for small gazebos is a columnar foundation. There is often no floor in the structure, and the base is made of tiles.

The minimum width of a building for resting 4 people is 1.5 m, length 1.5–2 m. In general, when designing, it is worth remembering that to comfortably accommodate 1 person, an area of ​​2 sq. m is required. m. If you plan to relax in armchairs and sun loungers, then take 4 sq. m. per person. Based on this, you can calculate the area of ​​the future structure.

When installing a barbecue or stove on the territory of the gazebo, a minimum of 2.4x1.75 m must be added to its area, and for comfortable placement - 3.4x2.2 m.

The design of a gazebo in the form of a polygon is a little more complicated than a rectangular one, but such buildings look more interesting and impressive. To make drawings of such a design, you will have to remember the rules of geometry from the school course, so as not to violate the proportions of the faces.

Sometimes, instead of a building for grapes, a passionate gardener erects a gazebo made of grapes. They look very good at the end of a path or in the space between the house and the entrance gate.

A gazebo made of uncovered grapes is built with your own hands from simple materials and does not require large material costs or a lot of labor. It consists of two pillars with rounded arches. These can be pipes curved in the shape of a dome. The weight of an adult grape bush is not small and the supports under it must be strong and durable.

The supports of the gazebo or arch are installed along the path, retreating from it 30 cm on each side, the height of the arch is no more than 2.5 m.

The grapes are planted in a row along the entire length. It is necessary to choose varieties that are resistant not only to frost, but also to winds. Hybrids of the Isabella variety of American selection have this characteristic. You can use grapes:

• Victoria;
• Agate;
• Beauty of the North;
• Kishmish is unique.

A beautiful grape arbor always attracts the attention of any garden visitor. After all, its existence is impossible without careful and competent care of the vine.

Proper organization of plantings

For the full development of plants, seedlings are planted at a distance of 20-30 centimeters from the canopy frame. Before planting, they dig holes 50-60 cm deep. The distance between holes is 1 meter. At the bottom of the hole, 10 cm of sand or broken brick is poured as a drainage layer. A mixture of compost and good turf soil is used as soil. Half of the hole is filled with soil, the cutting is placed, and the remains of the hole are filled in. The planted seedling is watered abundantly, its top is tied to the frame of the canopy. Further care of seedlings planted near the canopy comes down to fertilizing, timely watering, tying and pruning the vine.

Beautiful options for gazebos for grapes

The grape arbor on the site is an amazingly beautiful structure.
The frame for it is easy to build, inexpensive, and the result is visible already in the first season. You can assemble a light and simple canopy at the entrance to the house. But real aesthetes create vine arches, galleries, green rooms, fairy-tale houses or entire labyrinths on their site. If the buildings are decorated with a green top covering, they act as beautiful shady gazebos. Gazebos are divided into seasonal, which are assembled in the warm season and hidden in winter, and stationary, built thoroughly for any season. The former are equipped with plants in pots and flowerpots, the latter are landscaped with perennial grapes and other types of climbing plants. The permanent buildings are beautiful and varied. Their frames have different textures. They can be made of metal, stone, brick or wood, and may contain combined building materials.

You should know that wood is not very suitable for creating grape gazebos. Some species of this plant live up to 200 years. A tree exposed to moisture from watering will rot much earlier. But the beauty and environmental friendliness of this material attracts many who prefer it.

When starting the construction of a gazebo, you need to know for what purposes it will serve and what functions it will perform.

The gazebo for relaxation can be tent-shaped or dome-shaped. If a vacation is planned with a barbecue and friends, the dimensions of the building are assumed to be voluminous and capital. According to fire safety standards, such a gazebo should be located at a distance of six meters from any buildings. It can be square, rectangular, polyhedral or indeterminate in shape. A gazebo attached to a building usually serves as a shady shelter at the entrance to the house. It is quite budget-friendly, as it requires the construction of only one wall and a top covering.

Miniature gazebos are installed in gardens to decorate the landscape as an addition to decorative streams and fountains. A gazebo for cozy relaxation is arranged in a shady corner of the garden. On a hill, an aerial structure resembling an observation deck is usually used. The variety of species lies in the geometry of the structure.

They can be round, dome-shaped, multifaceted, arched, square, irregularly shaped, attached to the building, pergolas, trellises under a canopy.

The arched shapes of the arched structure, if installed correctly, without distortions or deformations, look very attractive.

To create an arch you will need to do the following:

1. for a green arched gazebo, the frame is assembled from metal rods;
2. it is necessary to prepare concrete, gravel or broken brick, as well as thick wire;
3. They dig holes and lay gravel on the bottom;
4. the rods are bent in an arc, the ends are inserted into the prepared holes and filled with cement, creating the base of the arched frame;
5. for structural strength, several transverse rods are mounted by welding;
6. the remaining horizontal fastenings are formed using strong wire.

Trellis structure with canopy

This type of gazebo is made from reinforcement, pipes or wood.

The following algorithm should be followed:

• mark and dig holes in which supports are installed;
• the racks are filled with cement;
• vertical and horizontal fasteners are mounted between the supports, creating a trellis for grapes;
• the roof is formed in the same way; it can be made flat or sloped in the direction of the sun; sometimes a continuous covering (canopy) is built to protect from rain;
• to create an ideal structure, vertical supports are checked with a plumb line, and horizontal fastenings with a level;
• It should be taken into account that a gazebo that is too high is difficult to maintain; in order to form shoots, you will have to reach the top covering.

Round varieties

Such a structure will decorate even a small courtyard.

To create such a design, you should perform the following steps:

1. supports made of pipes or wooden beams are installed in prepared holes in a clearly defined circle;
2. leave the entrance to the gazebo on the intended side;
3. a solid base is mounted in a circle at the top, to which the conditional roof will be attached; the rods at an angle are connected at one end to the base, and at the other end they are collected at the top point;
4. it is not difficult to form a green gazebo of this design - two vines are planted at the entrance on both sides, young shoots are directed in a circle and slightly upward;
5. when forming a gazebo, the shoots must be tied up and excess growth removed; if done correctly, grapes can surround a building in one season, resulting in a cute fairy-tale house with a domed top.

Building attached to the house

This is the most popular type of green structure, which is often installed from the gate to the porch of the house.

The gazebo attached to the house has the following features:

• one side of the gazebo is made up of the building itself, to which it is mounted; the green building appears as one wall and a top covering;
• under the canopy of such gazebos there is usually enough space for a garden table with armchairs, a hammock or a swing bench;
• grape greens can be diluted with bright flowers suspended in flowerpots at the entrance to the house;
• grapes will develop more actively if the gazebo is on the south side.

Multifaceted and irregularly shaped buildings

Beautiful irregularly shaped structures created by the designer fascinate with their extraordinary appearance. Irregularly shaped structures fill well isolated, unusable spaces on the site. But they can also be built on a sunny, flat surface at any scale, guided by non-standard designer decisions. You can assemble a multifaceted structure with your own hands; you just need to be “friendly” with a plumb line and level. With the help of these tools, the edges are balanced and measured.

Multifaceted or irregular shapes can afford large, substantial structures that require some expense.

When constructing such structures, it is worth considering the following nuances:

• such gazebos need a project that notes the location of the future structure, its shape, size, material and style; the varieties of plants planted are taken into account, as well as an approximate cost estimate;
• when building a large gazebo, you should remember that it will definitely cast a shadow, so its location should not interfere with neighbors or other buildings;
• capital buildings need a foundation, and which one to choose (strip, pile or columnar) depends on the massiveness of the building; in any case, concrete, sand and gravel should be prepared;
• such gazebos have a solid lower part of the walls, with a height of fifty to one hundred centimeters; their height should protect the seated person from drafts, but not interfere with the view;
• the blank lower part of the wall can be made of brick, stone, or use logs, boards, clapboard; it is necessary that the selected material corresponds to the style and is in harmony with the surrounding space;

• to create the floor, use waterproof material, since precipitation will fall into the semi-open gazebo; it can be stone, ceramic tiles or materials with water-repellent impregnations;
• the gazebo, which contains an oven, barbecue, grill, barbecue, should be positioned so that the grapes do not suffer from high temperatures; in such cases, the wind rose is taken into account, the stove is installed against a blank wall at a standard distance from the grapevines;
• the variety of ornamental plant must be frost-resistant; sometimes even such varieties, in preparation for winter, have to be dug in, it all depends on the climatic conditions of the region;
• if the building is too capital, it may have to be registered with the administration.

Location and dimensions of the trellis for grapes

The maximum height of the support column is about 3 m. However, be prepared for the fact that you will have to collect the crop from above on a ladder. So, poles are often selected in such a way that they are only slightly higher than a person’s height: approximately 180-200 cm. Then there will definitely be no problems with picking berries.

As for the location, the traditional option is from north to south. This way the bush will be illuminated best.

The width of planting and installation of support pillars depends on their height and the area where the dacha is located. The further north the site, the wider the rows should be. There is no point in saving money here: dense rows will obscure the sunlight. And this, in turn, has a detrimental effect on the yield and the condition of the plant as a whole.

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How to make a pergola for grapes?

Next, you will get acquainted with several simple options for wooden buildings.

Pergola type gazebo

Pergola for grapes: photo

To build a wooden gazebo you will need several components.

• Four posts of the height and color you need (when purchasing, remember that part of the post will be buried so as not to end up with a gazebo that is too low).
• The wood for the crossbars is the same color.
• A shovel to dig holes for the frame.
• Screwdriver.
• Nails and screws.
• Rope.

The process of building a pergola like a gazebo.

There are several stages.

• You need to make four holes in the ground for the posts. About half a meter deep and thirty centimeters in diameter.
• The next stage is fixing the pillars at equal distances between them. To bury the pillars you will need soil, it is better to prepare it in advance. Lower the posts into the holes and keep them strictly vertical. Next, bury it with earth and trample the soil on top for strength.
• Attach the crossbars connecting the side posts to the screws. To ensure maximum strength, wrap the twisting areas with rope.
• Build a roof from the remaining boards; they must also be secured with self-tapping screws and string.
• Make side bars so that the grapes have something to grow up on.

Arch type pergola

Pergola for grapes: photo

Arches are easy to build. You can make it like an arch rounded at the top, or with corners. To create an arch with your own hands you need several components.

• Six boards are about two hundred centimeters high.
• Boards for the top of the arch, straight or rounded.
• Waterproofing agent can be purchased at hardware stores.
• Bitumen and crushed stone.
• Concrete.
• Building tools.
• What you will use to secure the structure.

The process of building a pergola like a gazebo.

There are several stages.

1. Preparation of pillars. The bottom is treated with bitumen and wrapped in waterproofing.
2. Installation of pillars in pits one meter deep, provided that the soil is not hard, the depth can be increased.
3. Place crushed stone in the hole and fill everything with concrete.
4. Next, the remaining crossbars are fixed for the growth of the vine.

Pergola extending from the building

This method can be used if there is no space for a separate gazebo. To create an arch with your own hands you need several components.

• A wooden beam measures five by fifteen centimeters, the length is determined by the number of meters between the support pillars.
• Wood for partitions on the roof.
• Bars for pillars.
• Bolts.
• Arch-like staples.
• Mix for concrete.
• Building tools.
• Materials for securing the structure.

The process of constructing a pergola extending from the building.

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There are several stages.

1. We fasten fifteen by five beams to the wall with bolts. Bolts should be every half meter.
2. We install large beams (pillars) in prepared holes and fill them with concrete.
3. In order for small boards to be better secured, they must be inserted into the cut grooves. To make the structure stable, you can secure it with longitudinal beams.

Grapes for the gazebo

Grapes are a beautiful and useful perennial plant that can turn even an unsightly gazebo into a fairy-tale house. It will not only create dense shade for 1-2 seasons, but will also delight you with juicy, delicious berries. The gazebo is formed already in the first year after planting the seedlings. The first fruiting is expected in the second year. 4–5 year old plants can be considered adults.

Gazebo made of grapes in the country. Types of green gazebos

If you decide to make a living gazebo, first of all, you need to choose a place for the structure. Ideally, the area for the gazebo will be located in a secluded corner of the garden, preferably near a fence. Sometimes, on the contrary, they choose a place on a hill so that the green oasis becomes the dominant feature of the entire landscape design.

A mini gazebo made of roses will decorate your garden and become a source of pride

Living structures can be divided into 2 types:

• Frame structures made of metal or wood, they are suitable for forming a gazebo from weaving plants, mainly grapes and other decorative vines.
• Arbors formed from trees and shrubs; in this case, fast-growing crops are used: mulberry, poplar, willow, rowan, curly maple, Canadian serviceberry with an abundant crown, etc.

Grapes on a gazebo are a great opportunity to create a shady corner for relaxation

From trees and bushes

Making a gazebo from trees and shrubs will take several years and careful care. The optimal size of such a structure is 3*4 m. First of all, you need to prepare the place, if necessary, lay out a platform inside the structure, be sure to loosen the soil around it, fertilize it, and feed it with minerals.

Trees are grown using a trellis method. Seedlings are planted around the perimeter, 1 pc. on m/p. Near each plant, a vertical stand made of wood or metal is driven in, and a wire is pulled between them, and branches are tied to them, this is how the walls of the gazebo are made.

When the trees reach 2 meters or more in height, you can form a roof; for this, a wire is pulled from above, along the tops of the posts, and the crown is tied to it. In addition to the listed types of trees, fruit crops are also planted, in which case, in addition to aesthetics, you will also receive benefits from harvesting.

To quickly form a gazebo, you can plant already mature plants

Tip: If you want to build a deep, dark gazebo, it is better to use coniferous trees. They will provide dense greenery and protect the interior space from prying eyes and the rays of the sun.

Subsequently, you need to care for the trees: feed, water, remove branches, monitor the development and growth of young shoots. Over time, the trunks from below become bare to cover the voids, you can plant bushes, flowers, or climbing perennials: hops, grapes, lemongrass, clematis, wisteria, etc., the lower tier, formed from climbing varieties of roses, or from cover roses, looks very beautiful : thuja and juniper. It is very important to ensure that vines and bushes do not grow too much and do not overwhelm dominant trees.

Tip: For maximum green density, you need to achieve a large number of shoots and minimal branch growth. This is done by the method of exhaustion - bonsai.

Round gazebo for a summer residence, formed from willow

Frame gazebos with climbing plants

The most common way to create a living gazebo is by landscaping a frame building. For these purposes, a frame (metal or wood) is made; it can be a pergola, an elongated arch, an ordinary open gazebo, multifaceted or rectangular, or canopies under the roof. And climbing perennial plants are planted around.

Photo of a gazebo with grapes, wooden structures look especially cozy

Lianas are the most popular climbing plants for a gazebo; they can transform a garden, wrap a building with a solid green carpet, and even cover unpresentable areas, for example, part of a fence. Almost all vines have beautiful, abundant foliage, some species with fragrant and beautiful flowers.

Of course, in cold climates, not all perennial climbing plants can be used for a gazebo; in total, no more than 20 unpretentious varieties can be distinguished. But this is enough to create an original and beautiful living gazebo. They can be divided into groups:

• with woody stems - Amur and virgin grapes, lemongrass, petiole hydrangea, actinidia, wood pliers, honeysuckle, kirkazon;
• with perennial stems that freeze to the snow cover or soil in winter - knotweed, clematis, climbing roses, princelings, etc.;
• with annual shoots and annuals - china peas, rootstock (Calistegia), hops.

And without a doubt, most often in our latitudes there is a gazebo made of grapes; it is quite simple to form one with your own hands, so we will tell you about it in more detail.

Building a metal pergola

Giant bars

For good development and fruiting of the vineyard, it is necessary to constantly care for it. Also, grape plants need strong support that will hold the vines and ripening bunches. Trellis, pergolas, trellises, arches are made from various materials:

• tree;
• metal;
• plastic pipes.

Supports for grapes are classified according to several criteria:

• single-plane. The simplest type of grape supports. Making them will not take much time and money spent if everything is made from scrap materials. To do this, you will need wooden, metal or reinforced concrete posts dug into the ground, between which wire is stretched in one plane, in several rows;
• two-plane. Supports that have two flat frames connected into one structure. To make them you will need 2.5 m metal pipes, wire, cement with sand and crushed stone. A rectangle 3 meters long and 80 cm wide is marked with pegs. At the marking site, four holes 0.5 m deep are dug. Metal pipes are placed in them at such an angle to form the English letter V. The width at the bottom should be 80 mm at the top. The pipes are then filled with concrete. After complete hardening, the wire is stretched along the pillars. The first tier is 50 cm from the ground, the distance between the next ones should be about 40 cm;
• pergolas, trellises and other decorative supports. What such a structure will look like, and what it will be made of, everyone must choose for themselves. Guided by your preferences and availability of materials.

Before you start building a pergola with your own hands, you need to decide on the capabilities of the site and the materials that will be used as the basis.

Read more: Early gourmet grapes description of varieties 1-12

Once you have decided on the dimensions and material of the structure, you need to choose a suitable installation location. A pergola for grapes should be located in a well-lit place and should have convenient approaches for caring for grapes and for collecting their fruits.

An important stage in preparation for the construction of a pergola is the development of a preliminary design. He must take into account:

• dimensional characteristics;
• materials used;
• design and stylistic features, it is very important that the design fits harmoniously into the environment, is appropriate and beautiful;
• characteristics of convenience and comfort, as well as maintenance and care of both the building and the plants.

Metal pergolas are very durable

The peculiarity of using metal as a building material is that it is more reliable and requires less maintenance. The metal is immediately primed and then painted. With a good coating of good paint, this will last for several years.

Wood is more of a hassle. In our climate, we have to renew the coating every year. Therefore, it is better not to use varnishes: they crack, turn white, and come off in parts. To renew the coating, you need to clean everything off and then recoat it. Therefore, it is better not to use even the best varnishes for outdoor garden or outbuildings.

To treat wood that is outdoors all year round, there are oils to which color is added. They do not provide shine, but perfectly protect the surface from climatic influences. The worst thing that can happen is that it will fade a little. To re-treat the surface, it must be cleaned of dirt and dried. Can be painted. Touch drying usually takes a couple of hours. Convenient, beautiful, reliable.

The difference between metal is also in the assembly method. This is either welding or bolted assembly. Everyone chooses the method themselves. Due to the fact that the corrosion resistance of painted metal is quite high, it can simply be concreted. Therefore, there are fewer difficulties with installing pillars. It is only more difficult to work with it because of its mass. But everywhere has its drawbacks.

And the variety of metal pergolas is, perhaps, even greater than wooden ones: they can be forged and bent into bent shapes. Metal is combined with stone, brick, wood. An awning is pulled over a metal frame, wicker mats are laid, and roller blinds are secured. See examples in the photo gallery (it opens to a full faucet if you need it).

Under this carpet the pergola itself is not visible. It is built like a gazebo: the frame is welded from pipes, the rest is plants. Using the same principle, you can make a gazebo under grapes. How to combine metal and wood. Rolls of mats were secured to a metal pergola. You can adjust the degree of openness at your discretion. Another arch for roses is a garden pergola, which we see most often. This is the pergola that we call “an arch for flowers or grapes.” Another example of using an awning. The main highlight is the contrast. Another combination of wood and metal, but the design is different, the feeling is different. Such a pergola can be arranged on an open balcony. Forging elements are always relevant. Plants that will grow over time will turn this pergola into the most comfortable place. A combination of metal and polycarbonate. Both materials allow for curved shapes. Even a slight nonlinearity turns a banal canopy into an interesting addition Light pergola over the entrance - an awning is stretched over a metal frame Clear geometric lines, powerful columns, simple and stylish Racks and main beams made of metal, auxiliary beams made of wood

Read how to make a metal gazebo here.

Before making a pergola for grapes, you need to take into account the size of the site and decide on the style of the structure. Thus, monumental buildings made of stone will look attractive on large areas. For small garden and country plots, metal or wooden buildings are suitable. Plastic pergolas are used more for paths and usually support flowers.

Plastic pergolas are used only to support decorative grape varieties - they are not suitable for varieties with heavy bunches

In order to place grapes on a pergola, you should choose a well-lit and spacious area for the construction of the latter. There should be space around the structure for work on caring for the vines and harvesting.

To build a pergola for a vineyard, you will need the following materials:

• timber with a cross section of 10×10 cm or profile pipes for supports about 3 m long;
• slats;
• racks;
• cement;
• crushed stone;
• nails and screws if you plan to build a structure made of wood.

Read more: Gartering grapes to a trellis, forming a bush

First of all, using a garden auger or shovel, recesses are made for the support beams. The depth of the pits can be from 45 to 65 cm, and the diameter is 10-15 cm larger than the size of the supports. Having installed the beams in place, the recesses are filled with crushed stone, verticality is checked using a level and filled with cement.

By wrapping the lower part of the support with roofing felt, you can significantly extend its service life - the material protects the wood well from rotting

Between the support posts on the parallel sides of the structure, horizontal beams are attached, which will serve as the basis for both the side walls of the pergola and the roof. It is best if they are attached to the supports in several ways at once - for example, using nails and staples. For better stability, the length of the beams should not exceed the size of the supports.

Installation of side and roof slabs begins only after the foundation of the supports has hardened

Side gratings and roof slabs for gardening structures of this type can be purchased ready-made. Making them yourself consists of the following steps:

1. The roof crossbars are attached to the horizontal beams at equal distances from each other.

Creating recesses for fastening on longitudinal and transverse crossbars avoids displacement of elements

1. If necessary, a series of crossbars are also installed perpendicular to them, thus breaking the ceiling into rectangular segments.
2. Trellis panels are also attached to horizontal beams so that their ends do not touch the ground. If you wish, you can build the side frames yourself in the same way as the roofing was installed.

To make pergola trellises, slats made of oak, beech, and ash are used. Under no circumstances should lumber with chips or cracks be used.

Upon completion of the work, the wooden or metal structure should be treated with anti-corrosion coatings, special varnishes or paints. Additional elements are installed on it that will help the vine to weave - hooks, staples, protrusions, nets.

To arrange the path, use tiles or natural stone

Types of canopies

Making a canopy for a vineyard with your own hands is a very good idea.

Below we will look at all the structures that can be built for climbing plants.

• Metal structures are a very strong structure that is assembled by welding. Here you can grow large quantities of grapes for sale on the market or make homemade wine from these berries.
• Hanging arches are arched products that will create shade in your country house yard.
• Structures made of metal and wire are the simplest structures. In this option, supports are installed in the ground, and aluminum wire is stretched between them, along which the grapevine will weave.
• Gazebos - here you can relax with guests and treat yourself to ripe grapes.

Each owner will be able to create any of these designs with his own hands. The main thing is to have imagination and basic skills in working with construction equipment.

Welded construction

An arch can become a decoration for a site

If the farm has a welding machine, the best option for the planted crop will be a welded structure.

Its advantages are reliability and durability. With correct calculations and work performed, such a building will last in the yard for up to 40-50 years. The winegrower will be deprived of the need to tighten the wire every season. The only condition for durability is to paint the metal supports and lintels every 3-4 years.

The welded type is erected, starting with concreting the metal supports. They dig holes 60-70 cm deep, install pillars, and fix them with pieces of brick and stones. The distance between the supports is maintained at 2-2.5 m. The holes are filled with concrete level with the ground, compacted and allowed to dry completely. After 3-4 days, work continues:

• Jumpers are welded to the posts, forming a grid with squares or rectangles. For normal development of grapes, the size of such cells is 15x15 or 15x20 cm.
• The roof is welded to the tops of the concrete pillars. It is not necessary to make a mesh of rods. It is better to weld several jumpers at a distance of 30 cm from each other.
• The structure is painted or coated with special anti-corrosion compounds.

If it is important to obtain reliable protection from the sun and rain, the building will be equipped with polycarbonate sheets. This way, plants will not suffer from lack of lighting, and human needs will be satisfied.

Grapes under a polycarbonate canopy

In order for grapes to grow and develop well, the vines need supports - trellises. These designs can easily be made with your own hands. Trellis are a pair of posts connected by horizontal ropes, to which the grapes cling with tendrils and develop favorably.

Stable trellises for grapes in the country also serve a decorative function. They disguise unsightly outbuildings well and create an attractive, neat look to the entire garden.

Choosing trellises

Single-plane (or vertical). This is the most affordable and easiest to manufacture type of support. Such trellises are ideal for young grapes, small and decorative varieties. A single-plane support is attractive not only because it is easy to manufacture and install, it has a number of undeniable advantages. She:

• inexpensive to manufacture;

• allows the berries to ripen more evenly;

• provides convenience when caring for grape bushes;

• makes it possible to grow other crops between the grape vines;

• provides air access to the leaf mass of the plant and good illumination.

From the name you can understand that the structure of a single-plane trellis consists of two support posts with a wire stretched between them at different levels. But this simple and very convenient structure cannot accommodate powerful, developed grape bushes with numerous shoots.

Use a single-plane trellis if high yields are not critical for you, if you do not need super bushes, and if it is more interesting to grow a variety of small grape varieties.

A single-plane trellis is ideal for easy, affordable plant care. Beginner winegrowers who do not yet have a large farm should pay attention to it. This device makes it easy to hide the vineyard for the winter by creating a shelter.

Two-plane . This type of support is more suitable for more experienced gardeners with a large plot.

If you are ready to spend a little more money on material and arrangement of supporting structures, if your vineyard does not need winter shelter and is replete with vigorous varieties with powerful vines, choose two-plane trellises for grapes. They have a number of advantages:

• allow for more rational arrangement of vineyards, which ensures their good development;

• make the most of the received solar energy for the development of vines;

• create the most favorable conditions (optimal ventilation and ease of care) for obtaining an excellent harvest.

Construction

First you need to pay attention to finding a suitable place for a gazebo in the garden. Typically, experienced winegrowers install a structure in the depths of the dacha so that the distance to the residential building is from 3 to 5 m. If you plan to build a live fire in the hearth, then the distance is increased to 8 m.

Gazebo with foundation

This is the most expensive and complex design option for grapes. First, the area of ​​the structure is calculated. For a company of 4 people, a gazebo about 1.5 m wide and 1.5 to 2 m long is required. Manufacturing steps:

1. The first step is to mark and make the foundation (column, pile, strip, monolithic). You will need sand, gravel and cement;
2. The sides are made closed. The height of the walls is selected from 50 to 100 cm so that there are no obstructions to the view. Materials of manufacture: boards, stone, timber, lining, logs;
3. Wooden floors should be treated with an anti-rot agent. You can make the flooring from ceramic tiles or decking boards. It is good to install a fireplace or stove in such a gazebo.

Interesting. The advantage of a gazebo with a foundation is that it can be made in any style: rococo, oriental, rustic, Roman.

Pipe frame

A gazebo for grapes made from a profile pipe can be of almost any type: simple with sheer walls, domed, arched, multifaceted. Metal surfaces must be coated with acrylic paint for outdoor use.

Frame manufacturing algorithm:

1. Mark the position of the future building on the ground;
2. If a site is needed, the top soft soil layer must first be removed. The floor can be covered with gravel, pebbles or left earthen;
3. Every 2 m they dig holes for iron pipes, about 70 cm deep;
4. Sand is poured into the bottom of each hole, a little mortar is poured, stands are installed and filled with concrete;
5. Making a horizontal tier. Having measured 70 cm from the ground level, the crossbars are welded. Then the next tier is installed, at a distance of about 40 cm from the first;
6. After the 3rd tier, they begin to install the crossbars on the roof. It can be of any shape: conical, pitched, domed.

An open type gazebo, without a roof, can only protect from the sun. Therefore, many gardeners prefer to make a roof from roofing material. If you want to make a light and sunny gazebo, then use polycarbonate. There is also a removable type of roof made of stretched waterproof fabric in the form of a tent.

Note! It is imperative to provide an entrance to the gazebo and place benches or chairs. If desired, you can place a table, barbecue or barbecue inside.

Arched view of the gazebo

A gazebo is similar to a greenhouse, but without a film. It will take only one day to build it. Manufacturing stages:

• The frame is made using metal reinforcement and plastic pipes;
• The rods need to be given a semicircular shape and dug into the ground with their ends, poured with concrete;
• To make the structure durable, you need to weld several guides by welding or simply fasten the arcs with wire.

The advantage of an arched gazebo is its simplicity and speed of manufacture.

Trellis

The material for a 2-plane trellis can be wood, metal pipes, and fittings. Algorithm of actions:

1. Dig in the posts and fill them with concrete. It is important that distortion does not occur, so it is necessary to check using a plumb line and level. You should not make the arbor too high, so that there are no difficulties with the formation of the vine;
2. If the concrete has hardened, you can begin attaching horizontal and vertical lintels. If making a roof is not planned, then the top is made in the same way;
3. The roof can be either sloping to the south or west side, or flat.

Gazebo attached to the house

This is a simple, budget-friendly and most common type. Starting near the house, at a short distance, the structure gradually goes up at an angle, ending on its roof. It is best to make a gazebo on the south or west side so that the grapes receive enough sun.

Important! The advantage of this type of gazebo is the minimum amount of materials for construction.

Types of gazebos

The temporary-seasonal grape arbor is assembled only for the warm period, and is removed for the winter. Stationary gazebos are left for any time of year. Most often they are made of a closed type, becoming a kind of garden houses.

Types of gazebos, depending on their purpose:

1. Tent-shaped, domed - good for relaxation;
2. Trellis consisting of 2 planes;
3. A large square - multi-sided or rectangular design is suitable for a barbecue with friends. For safety reasons, it is necessary to maintain a distance of 6 m from the house;
4. The gazebo attached to the building is the most budget-friendly, as it consists of only one wall and a top. Typically used as a shady shelter at the entrance to a room;
5. Pergola. These are several connecting arches that form a covered alley. It can serve as an extension to the house, a veranda, closed by a “living” wall or partition.

The most common materials for the frame are:

1. Metal. A gazebo made of more durable material looks beautiful due to forged decorative elements. The disadvantage of a metal gazebo is that iron tends to quickly heat up from the sun, which can damage the plant;
2. Tree. Since grapes sometimes live up to 200 years, wood is not a very practical material. It looks beautiful, but quickly rots due to watering of the grapes. To increase the service life of a wooden structure, antiseptics are used.
3. The structure is also made from natural stone, brick, and combined building materials.

Maiden grapes on the gazebo

About the pergola

A pergola is a garden structure designed for climbing plants. It can simultaneously serve as a canopy and sun protection for a terrace or transition between buildings or parts of the garden. With its help, you can perform zoning of the site, creating a special atmosphere. In view of the universal purpose of the design we are considering, we should think about what its main purpose will be.

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Here are the possible options:

• To decorate the garden and change the look of the landscape.
• As a support for climbing plants (grapes, hops, ivy, climbing roses).
• It will protect from the sun, creating shade over the terrace or over the parking lot.
• For relax. In this case, the pergola can be combined with a bench or gazebo.
• If it is necessary to hide some area of ​​the garden from prying eyes, then zoning is performed.

Canopy - pergola near the house made of grapes - dense shade even at midday

Purpose of the pergola

Initially, such canopies were used as a support for grapevines. However, with the transformation of suburban areas from gardening estates into recreation areas, the functions of the pergola have expanded significantly:

• Such landscaped structures perfectly protect country paths from precipitation, protecting certain sections of the territory from the indiscreet glances of curious neighbors.
• A pergola attached to the house, made in the form of a canopy, will help in the scorching sun to do without heavy curtains and blinds. How pleasant it is to pamper yourself with fragrant grapes, reaching out of the window and easily picking an alluring bunch.
• Alternatively, such arches can protect from rain, providing a shaded safe passage between the pavilions of the garden. By decorating the pergola with fragrant plants like roses, you create a truly paradise with your own hands.
• By installing several comfortable seats in the pergolas in the form of benches or even ordinary sun loungers, it becomes possible to use green arches for family leisure and enjoy relaxing in nature without fear of sunburn.

What are there

In ancient times, pergolas were not only found in vineyards. Similar structures, only on a larger scale, were made in courtyards to protect from the scorching sun. The hottest midday hours were spent under them. They were more like canopies, one part of which rested on the wall. Their design remains the same, the materials have changed: now a pergola can be not only wooden, but also metal, concrete and even plastic.

In addition to being a useful structure - supporting vines and creating shade - it is also beautiful. The architects appreciated this. Gradually, pergolas migrated to the gardens of the nobility. Only there they had a more refined shape, expensive materials were used, including marble columns, and beams were made in elaborate shapes. Not only and not so much grapes were climbing over them, but also ornamental plants, roses, bindweeds and vines.

This is also a pergola, but the appearance and design are completely different, although the construction principle is the same

They also make it in the form of a gallery, blocking it from the sun all the way from one building to another. These arcades serve as a support for perennial vines and climbing roses. Where they cannot survive due to the harsh climate, annual bindweeds can be used; they are no less decorative; the flowering period can be selected so that flowering continues throughout the warm season.

An entire gallery of arches can cover the path from one building to another or to a recreation area

In the modern sense, it is more like a canopy or an open summer gazebo, which instead of a roof has a network of beams along which plants climb.

Concrete pergolas require careful calculation.

And this too. This is more like a summer gazebo for a pleasant time.

Non-standard design. Nevertheless, this is also a type of pergola.

So, with the help of a pergola, you can decorate the entrance to the house - it’s a canopy that looks good even without plants, and when they grow it will be even more comfortable.

A modified pergola is also an arch on which flowers or grapes rest. If we say “arch,” then most often we mean a metal product with a rounded upper part.

An arch for grapes is also a pergola, only with a modified shape of the upper part.

An arch under a climbing rose is the same pergola. But the mass of a rose is less than that of a grapevine and wooden structures are also made for it.

Hang flowerpots with hanging plants on top - and the arch becomes even more elegant.

Powerful columns were entwined with vines - a protected garden.

Blooming honeysuckle on an arch-pergola.

Varieties

Structurally, columnar and arched types are distinguished. They are made of metal, wood or plastic. By experimenting with style, you can come up with supports that match the surrounding objects or stand out from the general background.

Straight columnar

This is the simplest option, requiring a minimum investment. It is a chain of steel pipes (channels, logs) dug into the ground at a certain pitch. Copper and stainless steel wire, nylon cords, and fishing line are pulled between them.

A smart solution might be to purchase a special plastic mesh for grapes. It is easy to install and can be used for any climbing crops.

Such devices are divided into:

• Single. Positive aspects - low cost, good ventilation of foliage, uniform ripening of bunches, free access for work (pruning, crown formation). There is also a drawback - the emergence of powerful sleeves that are difficult to handle.
• Double. Such supports for grapes are made in the form of parallel, V-shaped, T-shaped or Y-shaped posts. They are suitable for large grape plantations and contribute to better pollination.

Trellis-arch

The arched, semi-arched shape allows you to simultaneously grow several varieties of grapes. The green mass grows under conditions of optimal illumination and ventilation. A recreation area is often placed in the shade under cover, with tables, seats, and swings installed.

Despite all its beauty, there is one caveat - to harvest from the top you will need a stepladder.