How to preserve geraniums in winter: preparation for the dormant period, pruning and care at home during the cold season and spring, and is it possible to put them in the basement? Selo.Guru

Geranium or pelargonium is a common houseplant that feels great outdoors in the summer. In winter, the plant needs a period of rest, which the grower must provide at home.

The plant does not overwinter in open ground; pelargonium can only tolerate light frost; significant cold is destructive for it. Preserving geraniums in an apartment in winter is quite difficult; due to temperature changes outside after autumn, the plant often gets sick and can lose most of its green mass. You can cope with the main problems in growing if preparation for winter in the apartment is ensured, that’s right.

Description of the plant

Geranium belongs to the Geraniaceae genus. Under natural conditions, the plant grows in South Africa. Now the genus has more than 250 species, and new varieties developed by breeders are added to them every year. Their flowering differs in many ways from the usual “ball”; the bushes form on their own and do not stretch out due to lack of light, but ordinary geraniums can also be pruned, ensuring the formation of a beautiful bush.

Plants of this genus can be divided into two groups:

blooming - valued for their lush flowering, which pleases the gardener almost all year round;
fragrant - this plant also blooms, but in comparison with previous species it is imperceptible, valued for the aroma exuding from the leaves; they can smell of lemon, mint, spruce and even Coca-Cola.

The root system of the plant is branched. The stem is erect or creeping in some species. The leaves have the appearance of a dissected blade and are covered with small hairs. Flowers are presented in the form of an inflorescence - a brush; it can have more than 40 buds.

The plant blooms all year round provided the temperature conditions, day length and regular application of mineral fertilizers to the soil are provided. After the inflorescence ripens, a fruit-box is formed, which contains small seeds.

Ampelous geranium - principles of pruning

Ampelous or ivy-leaved geranium is distinguished by its unusual type of growth. It belongs to the “creeping” plants, and if it is planted in a hanging pot, the shoots will hang freely from the container, forming a beautiful bindweed with small leaves, shaped like ivy foliage, and beautiful inflorescences flowing down the sides of the container. But in order to achieve a highly decorative flower, you will have to work hard, since it also needs constant pruning and pinching of its climbing stems. The principles of how to properly prune ivy geraniums largely coincide with the norms for pruning simple, zonal varieties.

For her, autumn pruning is also the most useful. It also involves cutting a third part of the plant, cutting out dried, wilted and inward shoots. In addition, shoots that have sprouted from the leaf axils are cut off. Healthy stems growing from the root are not cut off.

In the spring, it needs to form the correct crown if the bush has grown and extra layering has appeared.

They are cut off, leaving a few buds.
Throughout the spring season, the crown is kept in order by pinching the stem after the fifth leaf.

Such a haircut makes the plant more neat and allows new shoots and flower stalks to grow. Often the subject of discussion is the question of whether it is possible to prune flowering geraniums in spring and summer? The answer is simple: you should cut only those inflorescences that have already bloomed and lost their visual appeal. The plant does not need any other interventions during flowering.

If you want to get a cutting specifically from a flowering geranium, then this can be done, but only from one shoot. At the same time, we must not forget that both cuts must be treated with charcoal or activated carbon (sometimes ground cinnamon can also help out). The inflorescence of the cutting should be cut off, as it will interfere with rooting. The cut shoot is planted in the ground, without prior germination in water.

When pruning a flowering plant, one cannot help but take into account the fact that at this time it is injured, and its beauty and splendor are also lost. Therefore, it is not recommended to cut more than 1-2 shoots. It is better to generally wait until it has completely faded, carry out scheduled pruning and at the same time get a large number of petioles for further propagation.

Periods of growth and rest

The plant has a short dormant period and enters the dormant phase in December. A new vegetative cycle begins in late February - early March. The dormant period of the plant is characterized by slower growth and lack of flowering. If sufficient daylight is provided, the plant can gain color, but it is recommended to remove the buds because the geranium needs to rest. Lack of rest will not have the best effect on summer flowering - the caps will be less lush. The growth period begins in March and lasts until the end of September. At this time, the plant needs to be fed with fertilizer with a moderate content of nitrogen and phosphates.

How to prune geraniums for winter

Closer to mid-October, it is recommended to carry out a thorough cutting of the pelargonium bush; in this case, it is necessary to cut off only half, leaving the upper part of the plant. This procedure is carried out so that there is excellent air exchange inside the flower, which will have a positive effect on the lower row of foliage of the plant - the light will be good on these leaves and fungal infections will be minimized in winter.

In the cold season, you only need to look at the cuts; if they turn black, then you should trim the sprouts a little more.

Geranium constantly needs decorative pruning. Without shortening the stems it is impossible to get a beautiful bush. Moreover, a free-growing bush blooms less often and is more susceptible to diseases.

However, it should be borne in mind that the formation of a flower bud occurs within 3 months and therefore the pruning procedure must be planned and carried out in a timely manner, using only sterile instruments.

By the way, at this moment you can share the plant with friends and relatives, since geranium is propagated by cuttings that will remain after the bush formation procedure.

How to replant geraniums in winter

Homemade geranium cannot be replanted only in winter, but is allowed in other seasons. In the cold season, it is recommended to replant only garden pelargonium, because at sub-zero temperatures the plant may die.

Care for geraniums at home

Geranium is a light-loving plant that feels great on an eastern or southern windowsill. Its leaves are delicate, so it is necessary to provide shading from the hot, midday sun, otherwise the foliage will begin to turn yellow and crumble.

Important!

If there is a lack of sunlight, it is better to organize additional illumination with a phytolamp. If there is not enough light, the shoots will stretch out, the leaves will become shredded, and you won’t have to wait for flowering.

If the bush is formed incorrectly, it can be corrected by extending daylight hours. The result will be noticeable in the first month, the shoots will become smoother and thicker. If geranium is kept in a room in winter, it needs to be kept cool - the optimal room temperature is 12-16 degrees. The plant responds well to fresh air, so the room needs to be ventilated, heating radiators dry the air, so it is better to purchase a humidifier.

Temperature and lighting in summer and winter

Plants need a break from summer flowering in order to re-decorate the front garden with bright caps next year. The optimal temperature in summer when kept indoors is 22-26 degrees; for winter it is recommended to lower it to 12-18. A flowerpot with geraniums must be protected from drafts at any time of the year, because the plant has a fragile root system.

Kalachik is demanding on the length of daylight hours and lighting. Without sunny color, the plant stretches out and loses its decorative qualities, the stem partially sheds its leaves and becomes bare. In summer, geranium can be kept in the garden by placing the pot outside or even planting the plant from the pot into open ground. It should be placed in a partially shaded area. The flower needs the soft rays of the morning sun, but the midday heat can destroy it.

How often to water in an apartment

It is impossible to say that pelargonium is a moisture-loving plant; it does not tolerate flooding, therefore excessive soil moisture is destructive for it. It needs to be watered at home after the earthen clod has partially dried out; the plant tolerates temporary drought better than flooding. In winter, the plant is watered once every 10-14 days, and in summer - once every 2-5 days.

Choosing a substrate and fertilizing: how to fertilize correctly

When maintaining a plant, you need to remember that it needs proper care at home and an annual transplant, which involves a complete replacement of the earthen clod. You can plant the plant in any nutrient mixture with the addition of perlite and vermiculite. A sufficient layer of drainage should be placed at the bottom of the flowerpot. The plant loves spacious flowerpots and grows quickly in them, but for rapid flowering, the size of the pot must correspond to the root system. Planting in a large pot will cause the plant to build up its underground root mass, forgetting about flowering.

It grows quickly if the soil is regularly fertilized from the beginning of March to the end of September. For lush flowering, compositions with a high potassium content are used, which should be used 2 times a month in the volumes regulated by the instructions. If a fertilizer is classified as complex, you need to pay attention to the nitrogen content in it, because high doses of the component will lead to a rapid increase in green mass and failure to flower.

Trimming

Pruning is one of the difficult stages in caring for any plant, but flower growers who want to get a neat geranium bush and enjoy its flowering cannot do without such manipulation.

The growth rate depends on the variety and quality of pruning. As they develop, the stems always stretch out and become bare. In this case, the top of the stem is cut off and re-rooted, and the remaining bare stem with roots can be tried to be revived. The pot needs to be provided with complete care and good lighting, then young rudiments of future branches will appear on the bare stump.

To prevent the formation of a bare stem, it is recommended to prune the plant every year after the completion of the vegetative cycle. The plant is cut as much as possible to awaken dormant buds. Since geranium does not stop growing completely, it becomes necessary to re-form after increasing daylight hours - in March.

Attention!

Formation allows you to obtain a mass of planting material. Cuttings obtained in spring or autumn, with proper care and successful rooting, will bloom next summer. This method of propagation is better than sowing seeds - all plants will have the varietal characteristics of the parent. When propagating by seed, there is a risk of cross-pollination.

Preparation for wintering: winter storage

In autumn, the plant is pruned as much as possible, leaving no more than 7 leaves on the stem. Be sure to remove the stepsons growing from the lateral axils, because they will suck out from the mother plant all the nutrients necessary for successful wintering. To get abundant flowering, wintering pelargoniums should be cool; you can save the plants on a windowsill or in the basement.

The process of preparing for wintering includes reducing watering, eliminating fertilizing with various fertilizers, and pruning with the obligatory removal of flower stalks.

When storing in the basement, you need to take into account that each plant is cut and removed from the ground, placed in an airtight container, which will have to be ventilated at least once every 2 weeks. The storage basement must be dry, the temperature in it should not fall below 10 degrees - otherwise the plant will die.

How to welcome spring

Closer to spring, when the temperature outside reaches 2 degrees above zero, you can take pots of pelargonium to the balcony. You need to start with half an hour, gradually increasing the time the geranium stays on the balcony. In this way you can help pelargonium bloom constantly.

If the geranium was stored in the basement, then before taking it outside, you need to soak the bunches in water with fertilizer, then plant them in a pot.
Geraniums in a pot should stay indoors for about a week. Only after the last frost has occurred is pelargonium planted in the garden flower garden.

Thus, geraniums should be placed in a cool room in winter, provided with additional lighting and monitored soil moisture. You also need to break off dried leaves and flower stalks from time to time. If you follow all these simple rules, pelargonium will delight you with its flowering and aroma immediately after leaving the resting phase.

Inspect the plants every month to see if they are becoming too dry and shriveled. Spray hanging plants with water if necessary. If the geraniums become so dry that the stems begin to shrivel, remove them from the bags and soak the roots for an hour or two in cool water. After soaking in water, allow them to dry before storing them in paper bags. Do this several times throughout the winter to keep the plants from drying out. Plants that have been overwintered may take several weeks to begin growing again in the spring.

Wintering sites for pelargoniums

The following conditions are suitable for wintering:

glazed balcony or loggia, provided that the temperature does not drop below 8-10 degrees;
window sill at a room temperature of no more than 17 degrees;
cellar or basement - plants in flowerpots are placed in the most illuminated place; if it is impossible to provide natural light, the method is not used;
refrigerator - without soil and roots, leaving only the above-ground part in the form of a stem, you need to regularly check the condition of the plant.

In order for adult plants to successfully overwinter, they must retire healthy. At the end of August, plants planted in open ground should be inspected for pests.

Reproduction and transplantation

To propagate the ball, 2 methods are used: cuttings and sowing seeds. The first method has one drawback - it is important to select suitable seed material. Cuttings affected by pests or diseases will not be able to take root. With the seed method, the difficulty lies in caring for the planting. It is important not to overwater young plants and to ventilate the organized greenhouse in a timely manner.

Seeds: how to care

Kalachik reproduces well with the help of seeds; you can collect them yourself from a flowering bush or purchase them in a store. Store-bought seeds need to be checked by expiration date; if they are collected recently, germination rate will be high.

The seeds are planted in loose soil, slightly moistened and previously disinfected with a solution of potassium manganese, and planted to a depth of 2 cm. The pot with fresh seeds is covered with glass or plastic film and kept at a temperature of 18-22 degrees. The glass is removed after germination. The sprout is pinched after the formation of 5 leaves. Spray with a spray bottle, being careful not to touch the seedlings.

Interesting to know!

A plant grown from seeds can bloom in 6 months, so it is better to sow it in February.

They are transplanted into a separate pot after the formation of large bushes with 2-4 pairs of true leaves.

Growing by cuttings

Growing a full-fledged plant from a cutting is quite simple. To do this, use the remains after autumn or spring pruning. It is better to choose cuttings with a lignified trunk. There are several popular rooting methods:

Water. Add an activated carbon tablet to a small container of water and place the cutting in it. Place the glass on a well-lit windowsill and wait for the roots. The process of their appearance in the spring takes about a week, and in the fall more than a month. The main risk when using this method is rot.
Perlite or vermiculite. The cuttings are rooted in moistened perlite or vermiculite, placing the sprout at a slight angle - this way the young plant will spend less energy on its own support. The plant is placed in a consecrated place or under a phytolamp.
Peat. It is convenient to use a peat tablet. It needs to be soaked in water before use. After opening it to the volume of the glass, a stalk with an oblique cut is placed in the center. The advantage of this method is the ability to subsequently transship instead of transplanting. This method has the advantage that the peat in tablets is disinfected, therefore the risk of death of the cutting is minimal.
Priming. The plant takes root in the soil, as in a peat tablet, only the substrate must first be prepared. It is coughed out in the oven or doused with manganese to disinfect it.

The cuttings are transplanted into a permanent pot after noticeable growth and the formation of new leaves. It is better to wait until the roots have entwined the entire existing earthen ball.

Landing

The plant must be replanted carefully due to the fact that its root system is delicate. The new flowerpot should be two centimeters larger in diameter than the previous one. It is not worth using a large pot, because the plant will not bloom. It is recommended to plant geraniums rooted from cuttings or a bush after wintering in April - during the period of growth and development.

Transfer

Before replanting, the ball needs to be watered with water. So, it will be easier to remove the earth ball from the flowerpot. Transplantation is carried out in spring or autumn, after flowering has ended. After transplanting into new soil, the plant is not fed with fertilizers for 4 months. The substrate contains all the nutrients necessary for growth and development.

Best time to prune geraniums

There are many opinions about when to prune geraniums - in spring or autumn, what time of year is most suitable for this? It is difficult to answer this question unequivocally, since everything depends on many factors: the variety, the condition of the plant, its age, the purpose of pruning.

In general, flower growers and gardeners believe that bushes need to be formed regularly, as needed. It occurs especially acutely when the shoots begin to stretch too much, lose their foliage and, accordingly, their visual appeal. Basically, these are cosmetic pinching of the apical parts.

The main benefits of a haircut are as follows:

extension of flowering time;
ensuring better nutrient metabolism;
formation of lateral shoots;
preparation for the wintering process.

Deeper pruning should be done once or twice a year, depending on how quickly the flower grows. This raises a logical question: when is it better to prune geraniums: in the fall or in the spring, if you plan to radically regulate its growth? The most suitable time for this procedure is autumn.

Possible problems

When growing geraniums at home, gardeners face the following problems:

leaves turn yellow;
pests attack;
leaves fall;
the stem turns black or rots;
spots appear on the leaves.

The appearance of these symptoms in any case indicates a pest attack or improper care.

Why do indoor geraniums die?

The main reasons for the death of an indoor flower:

unregulated watering;
excessive dry air;
high room temperature;
exposure to sunlight;
damage to the root system during transplantation.

There are many reasons; to find out the true reason, you need to carefully think about what changes the flower has suffered. Often the problem is solved by changing the soil.

Diseases and pests: how to keep a ball

Geranium is rarely attacked by pests, so most often the plant dies when the owner does not follow the basic rules. The death of old leaves located at the bottom of the stem is a natural process. You need to look for the cause if the young buds wither or fall off, and rust forms on the back side.

If the edges of the leaves turn yellow, you need to increase watering.
Loss of turgor indicates excess moisture.
Leaf fall - lack of sunlight.

Important!

“Black leg” is a common problem from which there is no escape for pelargoniums. The only way to preserve the variety is to quickly re-root the apical cutting. After planting, the pot must be treated with a fungicide, and the soil must be thrown away.

You need a lot of geraniums, you will have to propagate them

All methods of propagating geraniums are good. Most often, the bush is divided in the spring. In geraniums that are difficult to disassemble into segments (this is especially true for the varieties “Ann Folkard”, “Patricia”, “Rosanna”, as well as varieties of ash geranium), you can separate a young shoot without roots, as they say, with a heel and, removing it from Most of the leaves can be planted in a greenhouse, or just under a jar. After 2-4 weeks, the plant will take root and be ready to be transplanted to a permanent location.

You can cut root cuttings of geraniums in the spring, treat them with Kornevin and place them in a greenhouse until leaves form. This is the best way to propagate blood-red geranium.

Svetlana Kolobovnikova Article provided by the Flower Club magazine, No. 2 2008

Medicinal properties and benefits of the flower

The leaves of zonal pelargonium release essential oils into the air and destroy viruses and bacteria floating in the room. The plant is recommended to be kept in the children's room because it calms and improves sleep. The leaves of the plant are used for otitis, rhinitis and rheumatism. An infusion is made from them to treat diseases of the gums and throat.

According to popular belief, the flowering of red geranium in an apartment indicates love and mutual understanding in the family. The plant normalizes the aura and makes the psycho-emotional environment more comfortable for life.