Gardening » Apple tree
0
550
Article rating
Kira Stoletova
Every gardener dreams of a beautiful apple tree that can produce a large harvest of large and tasty apples under any climatic conditions. In an attempt to develop such a thing, V.P. Strelyaev achieved great success in 1927. The resulting apple tree, the Bashkir Beauty, became the favorite of many and quickly spread across areas with harsh climates.
Growing an apple tree Bashkir beauty
Description
The apple tree variety Bashkir handsome was bred in 1928 by Strelyaev V.P. and immediately spread throughout Bashkiria.
At the moment, the apple tree occupies 25% of the entire area of this state . This variety appeared in Russia a long time ago, but every year it increases its popularity among gardeners living in the northern regions.
The main distinguishing feature of the apple tree from other crops is its high resistance to frost and periodic fruiting.
The Bashkir Beauty apple tree variety is famous for its amazingly tasty fruits . The young seedling takes root in any soil and develops quickly.
The medium-sized tree is unpretentious in care and has poor resistance to pests and scab.
You will be able to collect fruits from the Bashkir handsome apple tree even after a cold winter.
Important! The tree quickly recovers from frost and various diseases.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The main advantage of the variety is its extraordinary frost resistance. The following qualities also stand out:
- high productivity;
- constant fruiting;
- versatility of use;
- good transportability;
- excellent keeping quality;
- easily adapts to any, even the most severe environmental conditions;
- rapid recovery after freezing;
- grows on any soil.
Negative characteristics:
- the apple tree is practically defenseless against pests and some diseases;
- drought in the soil causes the fruits to drop;
- the variety is not fast-growing.
Characteristic
The Bashkir beauty has many advantages necessary for growth and development in unfavorable climatic conditions.
The most important advantages are the following indicators:
- High resistance to frost;
- Not picky about soil;
- Consumer qualities of fruits;
- The fruits are well stored and are not damaged during transportation;
- Average resistance to diseases.
Important! The disadvantage of the apple tree is that the variety is not early in fruiting and when there is drought, the fruits fall off the tree.
The Bashkir handsome apple tree is highly resistant to frost.
Tree height
The apple tree is considered a medium-sized tree. The average height reaches 5-6 meters.
Crown width
The young tree has a rounded crown.
At the beginning of fruiting:
- The crown becomes medium dense,
- It has a spreading, broadly pyramidal shape.
The branches grow at an angle of 90 degrees.
Annual growth
The growth of an apple tree depends on feeding, care and air temperature. On average reaches 10 cm per year.
Self-fertility
The apple tree is self-fertile and requires pollination from other apple crops . The best varieties for pollination are Antonovka or Seyanets Titovka.
Tasting assessment
Apples are delicious and beautiful:
- The fruits are small, with an average weight of 130 grams.
- The skin of the fruit is oily, green in color with the presence of a pink blush.
- The apple pulp is dense, crisp, and white.
- The taste is at the highest level , it has a sweet taste with a slight sourness.
Winter hardiness
The apple tree adapts well to a variety of climatic conditions.
A particular advantage is the very strong resistance to frost .
It tolerates cold weather well in summer.
Disease resistance
The variety is moderately resistant to pests and various diseases.
To do this, it requires treatment with chemicals as a preventive measure.
Important! Treatment against pests is not carried out during flowering, as the pollination process is disrupted.
Fungal diseases of apple trees.
Biological features
The tree is valued for its appearance, productivity, and durability. It fascinates with its wonderful flowering and beautiful ruddy fruits.
Check out also other varieties of apple trees: “Melba”, “Uslada”, “Konfetnoe”, “Northern Sinap”, “Solnyshko”, “Valyuta”, “Berkutovskoe”, “Sinap Orlovsky”, “Dream”, “Zhigulevskoe”.
All about the medicinal properties of lingonberries and their contraindications
Description of the tree
The tree is classified as medium-sized . The crown has a rounded shape at a young age, and after entering fruiting it becomes broad-pyramidal, slightly spreading, the foliage is of medium density. The branches are tightly fused to the trunk and extend at an angle of 90°. On the main branches and on the trunk the bark is smooth and brown-green in color. The shoots are round in shape, medium in size, straight, brown-brown in color, and fleecy.
The variety stands out among young planting trees in that the tops of the shoots are white and have pronounced pubescence , which immediately attracts attention to the tree.
The leaves are large, oval-shaped, green, with short pointed tips. The edges of the foliage have serrated serrations. The upper side of the leaf blade is smooth, flat with veins, slightly wrinkled, and the back side is very fleecy.
Flowering on average occurs in the second half of May. Large white-pink flowers, collected in medium-sized inflorescences, emit a pleasant aroma.
Description of fruits
The fruits weigh up to 100 g, but if you regularly feed the plant, they can gain up to 140 g. The apples are wide-conical, regular in shape, and one-dimensional. The skin is smooth, glossy, thick and rough. Ripe apples are green with a reddish blush, and over time they lighten a little, acquiring a whitish color with stripes of blush.
The seeds are light brown, large, broadly ovoid in shape. The pulp is medium density, white, fine-grained structure. Apples are very juicy, sweet and sour, sometimes with a pleasant bitterness. The fruits have an attractive appearance and contain:
- sugar - 12.4%
- ascorbic acid - 11.3 mg per 100 g;
- dry matter - 16.3%
- organic acids - 0.57%!
Pollination
“Bashkir Beauty” is a self-sterile apple variety . Good pollinators for it are such apple varieties as “Antonovka”, “Buzovyazovskoye”, “Seyanets Titovki”.
Maturation period
Although the variety is an early winter variety, under good and warm conditions the fruits can be harvested as early as August. If the summer was cold, then the apples ripen in September.
Harvest apple tree Silver Hoof
Important! Ripe apples tend to fall off the tree, especially if the tree does not have enough moisture.
Productivity
Fruiting occurs 4–6 years after planting. From one tree you can collect up to 80 kg of fruit , which indicates high yield.
Transportability
Consumer ripeness of apples occurs a week after picking. Well-ripened fruits can be stored for up to 130 days . Industrialists especially like to grow “Bashkir beauty” because it is preserved for a long time and is practically not damaged during transportation.
Winter hardiness
Trees quickly adapt to harsh climates and quickly recover in cases of freezing.
Resistance to diseases and pests
The variety is moderately resistant to various diseases and pests, which is perhaps its only drawback. Blackleg is considered a common disease, and among the pests, the apple tree is most susceptible to attacks by the codling moth.
Against apple tree diseases they use: “Delan”, “Antrakol”, “Poliram”, “Topsin”, “Skor”. The following will help get rid of codling moths and other pests: “On the spot”, “Fastak”, “Kemifos”, “Decis”, “Calypso”, “Karbofos”.
Application
The variety is considered universal, since the fruits can be used both fresh and canned, dried, and other processing methods.
Reviews
Smirnova. T. M. Voronezh region. "Hi all. I would like to share my experience of growing the Bashkir Beauty apple tree. This variety has been growing in my garden for a long time. I purchased a seedling from a nursery after studying the photo and description of the variety. I planted it in the spring in May.
The tree has taken root well. I waited a long time for it to start bearing fruit.
The first fruits appeared 6 years after planting, although I was told that they would begin to bear fruit after 4 years. I was satisfied with the fruits.
Tasty, juicy apples can be consumed fresh for a long time, as they are well stored. But caring for an apple tree takes a lot of free time and effort.
It is often susceptible to scab, diseases, and pests periodically attack the plant. It is only thanks to annual fruiting that this apple tree still grows in my garden.”
Potekhin Semyon. Kaluga region. Kaluga. “Hello, dear gardeners. I have a large orchard. Among the various apple trees, I will single out the Bashkir beauty as the most valuable variety . Apple tree:
- Has good growth.
- It bears fruit regularly, and the yield on the tree increases from year to year.
- Unpretentious to the soil.
- Easy to care for.
- Pests appear extremely rarely.
- The fruits, although small, have excellent taste.
Do not hesitate in choosing this variety. I recommend. You will not regret."
History of the variety
The well-known name “Bashkir Beauty” was assigned to the variety only in 1928. But the variety itself appeared much earlier. The first mention of it as a variety of industrial scale appears in 1886. The merchant Gribushin grew these beautiful apples in his gardens, which were located in Bashkortostan. It is considered the birthplace of the variety. In modern gardening farms, both private and industrial, “Bashkir beauty” is grown throughout the country, including the Moscow, Kirov and Pskov regions.
Features of planting and care
Hole for planting an apple tree.
The survival rate of an apple tree , its development and productivity depend on proper planting and further care.
Although the Bashkir Beauty variety is undemanding to certain soils, you should still take into account all the nuances in the work and the correct choice of place for planting.
Landing
Deadlines
The seedling is planted in early spring.
Advice! It is not recommended to plant an apple tree in the fall, as it will not have time to take root before winter and will die.
Place
The planting site should be selected on loamy or chernozem soil. The place should be protected as much as possible from cold winds.
Distance
The apple tree does not tolerate strong gusts of wind; for this it should be planted near other low crops. The distance between them should not be less than 4 meters.
Technology
- Before planting, remove all damage from the seedling.
- Dig a hole 60 cm deep and at least 70 cm wide.
- Add 70 grams inside. superphosphate, 55 g. potassium sulfate and dig up with soil.
- Next, a stake is driven in near the hole to further support the plant.
- The seedling is planted on the north side of the support and the roots are carefully distributed.
- Then, without compacting, they are covered with earth so that the root collar is 5 cm above ground level and watered abundantly.
Propagation by cuttings
- Cuttings for apple tree propagation are made at the end of winter, before the buds appear on the plant.
- The cut stalk is immersed in water 4 cm and left in this position for 2 hours.
- The branch section is then placed in a cool cellar until spring.
- In May, the cuttings are planted in loose soil, watered and covered with a plastic bottle.
The roots of the seedling are formed within a month.
Advice! At this time, you should tear off all emerging leaves of the plant.
Pruning and crown formation
The earlier the crown begins to form, the faster and the correct appearance it acquires. To do this, create tiers of 5 main branches at a distance of 30 cm from each other.
The first pruning is carried out two years after planting the seedling. As a rule, 3-4 strong shoots directed in different directions are left on the trunk.
Further, to ensure that the tree does not thicken and is rejuvenated by new branches, pruning should be carried out annually.
Agricultural technology
The soil is fertilized with nitrogen fertilizers.
The tree is moisture-loving and needs regular watering.
Fertilizers applied during planting are enough for 2 years, then fertilizing is carried out at intervals of 3 years.
When apple trees bear abundant fruit, they place supports under the branches to avoid cracks and breaks.
What to process?
Every spring it is necessary to clean the apple tree of old leaves and dead bark.
Before the buds swell, in order to avoid pest attacks and prevent various diseases, the apple tree is sprayed with a fungicide and insecticide.
To combat scab and fruit rot, the tree is treated with copper sulfate and colloidal sulfur.
Flowering and fruits
Beginning of fruiting
Choosing the planting date and preparing the site for the seedling is very important for the future yield and health of the tree.
Apple tree seedlings are planted in spring and autumn. The planting time largely depends on the region of growth. In temperate and cold climates, spring plantings are preferred. Over the summer, the seedling will have time to take root and in winter the risk of it freezing will be much lower. Autumn plantings are suitable for southern regions with warm winters and early spring.
For planting a tree, it is preferable to choose open sunny areas
It is also important that the place is protected from cold winds. Southern and western areas are suitable for planting
In the fall, before planting, the soil is dug up and complex mineral fertilizers are applied. You need to dig the soil to a depth of at least 15 centimeters. In addition to organic fertilizers, organic fertilizers can also be used. For example, rotted manure or sprinkle the soil with wood ash.
Before planting a seedling in the ground, check the root system. If there are dried roots, cut them off. The cut areas are treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
Then they are soaked in a growth activator for several hours. Immediately before planting in the ground, the rhizome is dipped in a clay solution. The seedling must be planted immediately, before the clay has time to harden.
How to plant an apple tree seedling:
- Dig a hole about 1 meter deep and 80 centimeters wide.
- Then fill the bottom with fine drainage.
- Place the seedling and bury it with soil.
- You can drive a wooden stake into the center of the hole to tie a young apple tree to it.
At the end of planting, water the seedlings generously with warm water.
It is not recommended to plant fir, viburnum, juniper, rowan and all types of coniferous trees nearby.
The “Bashkir Beauty” apple tree (photo below) has medium-sized buds. Their shape resembles a cone. The leaves on the branches are wide and dark green. Apple tree blossoms are famous for their beauty. The flowers are large. Their petals have a soft pink tint.
When the fruit is fully ripe, it acquires a whitish color. Its sides have a bright blush with pronounced stripes. There are few subcutaneous points. The pulp of the apples is white. It has medium density. The apples are very juicy, sweet and sour taste. The productivity of the variety is very high. It tolerates climate change and frost well. Has average resistance to diseases.
The “Bashkir Beauty” apple tree is characterized by certain characteristics of growth and fruiting. The description of the variety allows you to decide on the possibility of growing it in different climatic conditions. The tree feels great in the middle zone. In such a climate, the plant blooms at the end of May.
Under normal conditions, the fruits fully ripen by the end of August. If the summer was rainy or cold, the harvest is harvested in early September. If the summer is hot and dry, it is necessary to ensure normal watering. Otherwise, the fruits will begin to fall off while not yet ripe.
This is a self-fertile tree. Pollinating varieties should grow nearby. The best options in this case are “Antonovka” and “Seyanets Titovka”. In this case, the fruits will be tasty and the yield will be plentiful. Preventive spraying is carried out periodically.
It is very important to harvest the crop on time, because... he may fall
Features of ripening and fruiting
Beginning of fruiting
The first fruiting of the Bashkir Beauty apple tree occurs 4 years after planting. This crop bears fruit annually, with a yield of up to 70 kg per apple tree.
Deadlines
Fruit ripening
Apples ripen at the end of August. If the summer is rainy and cool, ripening occurs later towards the end of September.
Fruit storage.
Fruit storage
Apples can be stored for quite a long time, up to 5 months . During this period, the taste qualities of the fruit are not lost, they remain just as crispy and juicy.
During transportation, the appearance cannot be deformed.
Apple tree planting
For an apple tree, choose a site on a hillside. It should be well lit and protected from strong winds.
Important! The tree cannot be planted in places where groundwater is located at a depth of less than 200 cm. The gardener himself decides which variety of Antonovka to choose for planting on the site
You need to select cuttings with a length of at least 70 cm. The bark on them should be smooth, and the length of the roots should exceed 30 cm
The gardener himself decides which variety of Antonovka to choose for planting on the site. You need to select cuttings with a length of at least 70 cm. The bark on them should be smooth, and the length of the roots should exceed 30 cm.
The tree is planted in spring or autumn before frost. Make a hole 0.8-0.9 m deep with a diameter of 0.6 m. 3 buckets of humus, manure and turf are poured inside the hole. After this, the roots of the tree are straightened, lowered into the hole, covered with earth, and watered abundantly.
Important! The main condition that every gardener must meet is that the root collar should be at a height of 5-7 cm from the soil surface. If the groundwater level in the area is low, then the seedling is planted in the so-called liquid soil
To do this, pour 2-3 buckets of water into a pit with fertilizers, and then install a tree and cover it with earth. To improve fertilization, it is recommended to plant 2-3 types of pollinating trees near Antonovka
If the groundwater level in the area is low, then the seedling is planted in the so-called liquid soil. To do this, pour 2-3 buckets of water into a pit with fertilizers, and then install a tree and cover it with earth. To improve fertilization, it is recommended to plant 2-3 types of pollinating trees near Antonovka.
Apple tree planting
Subspecies and options
With the help of rootstocks and tree selection, the Bashkir beauty apple tree can bear fruit in the early and late stages.
Summer
Thanks to the grafting of Bashkir beauty onto special clonal rootstocks, a summer variety was developed.
This crop is characterized by low growth with a spreading crown. Due to the small size of the tree, care does not cause many difficulties.
With proper agricultural technology, the plant develops correctly , the quality of the fruits and their long-term storage improve.
The semi-dwarf apple tree begins to bear fruit at the 3rd year of life, ripening dates occur in early August. The fruits have a beautiful presentation with a pleasant sweet and sour taste.
Apple tree.
Late
The Bashkir late winter variety was obtained by crossing two apple trees: Welsey and Bashkir Beauty:
- medium-sized tree with a round, thin crown.
- The bark is smooth and brown with a reddish tint.
- The foliage of the apple tree is short-pointed and green.
- Apple tree flowers are fragrant, small, reddish in color.
- The fruits are flat-round in shape, weighing up to 150 g.
- The color of apple trees at the time of ripening is greenish-yellow with blurry red streaks.
- The pulp is not very aromatic, juicy, fine-grained.
- The fruit tastes sweet and sour.
Important! The variety requires pollinating apple trees such as Buzovyazovskoe and Seyanets Titovki.
The Bashkir winter apple tree is valued for:
- Regular fruiting
- Abundance of harvest
- Transportability,
- Long-term storage of fruits.
The variety is highly resistant to frost and many diseases.
Growing in regions
In outskirts of Moscow
Climatic conditions in the Moscow region for fruit-bearing trees are quite poor.
Winters are long with severe frosts, while summers are quite hot.
To grow a Bashkir beauty apple tree in this region, you need to know several features:
- The seedling is planted in a windproof place.
- During the hot summer period, water abundantly.
- In order for the tree to survive the harsh winter, it is fed with fertilizers in the fall and the trunk is insulated.
In the middle lane
The climate in the middle zone is moderate - continental. Winters are snowy and summers are cloudy and rainy.
The Bashkir beauty is adapted to frost and, with proper care, can bear fruit in this region of Russia every year.
Although the apple tree is considered moisture-loving, when planting in the middle zone, you should take into account its correct location.
The place for planting seedlings does not allow a distance to groundwater of less than 3 meters. The best site will be a small hill where the water will not stagnate due to heavy rains.
During development, the plant requires careful agrotechnical work .
A good harvest is ensured by correct agrotechnical measures.
In the Urals
Despite the difficult climate of the Urals, if planted correctly, the Bashkir beauty will bear fruit for decades. Planting is carried out in early spring .
For good survival of this variety, dig a hole in the fall and add fertilizers:
- Superphosphate,
- Calcium chloride,
- Peat.
After the end of winter, the three-year-old seedling is planted in a prepared place , carefully handling the roots:
- When planting a seedling, shake it slightly so that the soil fills all the voids in the rhizome.
- Then compact the soil so that the root collar is 3 cm above ground level.
- Next, a hole is made around the seedling for watering.
- Water the apple tree with 2 buckets of water.
- After the moisture is absorbed, the planting area is mulched with ground straw.
With proper planting, dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks of the Bashkir beauty can grow in the Urals.
Important ! The seedling should not be younger than 3 years old, otherwise it may not take root.
What varieties of apple trees are best to plant in Bashkiria
Apples on the tree
It has been noted that wild apple trees can bear fruit for up to 150 years. Garden varietal trees are much smaller (on average 30 years). Local zoned varieties turn out to be more durable, so the Bashkir handsome variety for Bashkortostan is an excellent choice that will ensure a long life for gardens.
Other recommended apple trees for Bashkiria (varieties):
- from early summer varieties - Golden Chinese;
- from summer - Candy;
- from autumn - Robin;
- winter ones are Northern Sinap, Orlovsky Sinap and Antonovka.
They are the ones that will grow best in a given region and bring a stable harvest, but this does not mean that others are strictly prohibited from planting. By and large, you can grow anything, the main thing is to provide proper care (watering, pruning, protection from diseases and pests, covering for the winter, if necessary).
https://fb.ru/article/194864/bashkirskaya-krasavitsa-yablonya-opisanie-sorta-i-otzyivyi-sadovodov
https://fermilon.ru/sad-i-ogorod/derevya/yablonya-bashkirskaya-krasavitsa.html
https://7ogorod.ru/plodovye-derevya/ablona-baskirskij-krasavec.html
