Belarusian varieties of apple trees: summer, winter, autumn, late, dwarf

The most common type of fruit tree is the apple tree; varieties of trees grow in all corners of the globe. The fruits are known to everyone for their beneficial properties ; from early childhood to old age, doctors recommend eating two medium-sized fruits a day.

With such prevention, a person will never have anemia, the gastrointestinal tract will never malfunction, the intestines will function perfectly, promptly clearing themselves of unnecessary deposits.

In addition, apples have a positive effect on the functioning of the heart, kidneys, pancreas and thyroid gland.

But growing an apple tree is half the battle; most gardeners plant a seedling with the hope of a big harvest.

To ensure that fruiting is abundant and regular, not only the characteristics of the variety are taken into account, but also the climatic conditions that are most suitable for it.

Let us consider in the article below the Belarusian varieties of apple trees, their detailed descriptions and photos.

General characteristics

The Belarusian land has always been famous for its fertility; a variety of garden and berry crops are grown, and fruiting is always excellent. Breeders from local research institutes have developed varieties of apple trees specifically for their lands, with different ripening periods and a wide range of tastes.

The main criteria for varieties were:

good frost resistance;
increased immunity to various fungal diseases, scab in particular;
large fruit size;
good taste of the resulting harvest.

The varieties will also differ in the size of the adult tree; in order to speed up the onset of fruiting, apple trees are grown on dwarf and columnar rootstocks.

Interesting! The crown of such a tree will be small, this will greatly simplify harvesting.

There are many varieties suitable for cultivation in Belarus, but there are a couple of dozen main varieties that are most common throughout the country.

The best varieties of apple trees in Belarus

Summer

In Belarus, apple trees with different ripening periods are grown; summer varieties of apple trees are very popular.

Below we will look at the most studied and commonly found varieties for Belarus.

Kovalenkovskoe

Kovalenkovskoe, bred by leading specialists of the Institute of Fruit Growing of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The fruits of the trunk have high consumer and commercial ratings . Apples, even when unripe, have a sweet taste, without any sourness, large, up to 250 g each.

The ripening period is late summer, the color of the fruit is mostly green with a pronounced rich blush over the entire surface. Consumer maturity is reached 2 weeks after picking. The standard tolerates frost and drought well.

Kovalenkovskoe.

You can read more about the Kovalenkovskoye apple tree here.

Robin

The dessert taste of the fruit and attractive appearance serve as a calling card for Malinovka. The variety has folk roots with early ripening periods. Stamb tolerates winter cold well, but does not like rainy summers. Under such weather conditions, it is often susceptible to scab and fruit rot.

The fruits are yellow in color with a bright blush and can reach 160 g. Picking and consumer ripeness coincide; from the second half of August to the beginning of September, apples are harvested and processed, or left for storage until October.

The variety is familiar to gardeners not only in Belarus. In the Baltics and Finland, the apple tree feels great and pleases with good harvests.

Robin.

For more information about the Malinovka apple tree variety, see here.

Radiant

By crossing the Kovalenkovskoye and Bananovoye varieties, breeders developed the Luchezarnoye apple, which was submitted for testing in 1998. The fruits of the trunk have an excellent sweet and sour taste, but do not have a long shelf life.

The tree itself is resistant to frost and scab, and bears fruit annually and abundantly. Removable maturity occurs in September, preferably consumed before November.

Advice! Although the tree does not grow tall, it is best grown on a dwarf rootstock.

Radiant.

You can find out more information about the Luchezarnoye variety here.

Belarusian sweet

Belorusskoye Sladoe, bred by local breeders, also belongs to late-summer varieties.

The distinctive features of the trunk are its high resistance to scab and other diseases and frost resistance.

The fruits are large, with juicy pulp , and have a pronounced blush throughout the skin. Starting from the second year, the apple tree will bear fruit regularly and abundantly; the harvest can be consumed immediately after being removed from the crown.

Belarusian sweet.

You will learn more about the Belarusian Sweet apple tree variety from this article.

Minsk

Since 1967, the State Register of Belarus has included the Minskoye apple tree, bred by A. E. Syubarov. The standard has a crown of medium height, bears fruit annually and abundantly. The fruits are green with yellowish tint, large and juicy. The sweet and sour taste was rated 4 points on the generally accepted world scale.

The maximum amount of apples collected in September will last until the beginning of December .

Minsk.

Elena

Early varieties of apple trees are also replenished by the Elena apple, which has excellent taste. The sweetness of the tender pulp combined with sourness allowed us to get 4.8 points in the evaluation. The fruit is unusually aromatic, ripens in August, but does not lie.

The trunk itself , with a rounded crown shape. Characterized by resistance to scab and frost . Fruits regularly and abundantly.

Elena.

For more information about the Elena apple tree variety, see here.

Champion

In mid-September, the Champion is harvested. The variety was bred in the Czech Republic, has high resistance to fungal diseases, and tolerates winter frosts up to 40 degrees. A distinctive feature is excellent transportability and excellent taste.

The fruits of a greenish color with a blurry, dim blush of large size are known throughout Europe.

Champion.

You can find out more information about the Champion variety here.

Spartan

At the end of the first month of autumn, Spartan apples are pouring out. The variety was bred back in 1926 and is still quite popular. The fruits are medium in size and yellow with a rich blush. Sweet taste without any sourness at all.

A special feature is high resistance to all fungal diseases, abundant fruiting, and ease of care.

Spartan.

You will learn more about the Spartan apple tree variety from this article.

Geneva

The American Geneva, bred in the 60s of the last century, has also taken root well on Belarusian lands. The variety has excellent fruiting characteristics; the apples are large, sweet and sour, and attractive in appearance.

The trunk grows of medium size, up to 5 m in height. Resistance to frost and disease is not high; at minus 20, the buds of the apple tree are severely damaged. With the help of fungicides, the tree can be protected from scab and other fungi.

ripened in July are practically not stored ; they are consumed fresh and processed.

Geneva.

Winter

For those who like to savor an apple in the cold season, winter varieties are more suitable.

Honey Crisp

Honey Crisp or Honey Crunch will appeal to many people. The standard was developed by gardeners in the USA, but it is widespread throughout Europe.

The fruits of the tree have a round, slightly elongated appearance. The skin is yellow, with a blush. The taste is sweet, in the northern growing areas a slight sourness is allowed. The flesh crunches strongly when bitten, and the name comes from this feature.

The harvest is harvested at the end of September, beginning of October, but the apples must arrive. Consumer maturity does not occur until November, and can remain until May.

Honey Crisp.

For more information about the Honey Crisp apple tree variety, see here.

Navavita

Belarusian apple tree varieties offer us the Navavita apple tree. Its apple lasts well until March and is often used for processing into juice. Fruiting begins in the third year after planting and is abundant. The apples are flat, have a greenish color with minimal blush, and taste sweet and sour.

The tree itself has a spreading crown with a large number of branches.

Navavita.

Belana

Belana is a winter-hardy variety with a long shelf life. The fruits have a wonderful sweet taste, which is perfectly complemented by sourness. The shelf life after removal is long, until April.

The trunk itself is characterized by stable immunity to scab and other fungi , but preventive treatment in the spring will not hurt. It is also not afraid of frosts and tolerates them well.

The crown is branched, spread out, and requires annual pruning even in adulthood.

Belana.

Antey

Antey is distinguished by its high yield among late winter varieties. Its fruits last well until May , maintaining excellent taste. Apples have a beautiful red-burgundy color, which attracts the attention of buyers.

The standard bears fruit annually and abundantly , so it is often used for cultivation on farmland.

Important! Agricultural technology and unpretentiousness contribute to the growing popularity of the winter-hardy variety among gardening farms.

Antey.

You can read more about the Antey apple tree here.

Auxis

The Lithuanian standard Auxis successfully grows and bears fruit in the Belarusian lands. Its fruits are medium in size and have a high shelf life if the necessary conditions are met. The pulp is juicy, fragrant, with a spicy aftertaste. The sweetness perfectly complements the sourness, their tandem is perfectly refreshing. The color of apples is yellowish-green with blush over the entire surface.

The tree grows to medium size and has a compact crown. Frosts down to minus 20 are not scary for him; stronger ones can cause harm. Scab and other fungi can periodically attack the trunk; it should be protected using fungicides.

Auxis.

For more information about the Auxis apple tree variety, see here.

Lobo

Gardeners in Belarus recently discovered the Canadian variety Lobo. The standard is distinguished by sufficient frost resistance, high taste qualities of the fruit, and long shelf life of the crop.

The disadvantages include periodic infection by fungal diseases, but if the climate is not humid, the tree practically does not get sick.

Large fruits have a good presentation.

Lobo.

You can find out more information about the Lobo variety here.

Zaslavskoye

The Zaslavskoye apple tree variety has been included in the register since 2002, but has rapidly spread among gardeners. The late winter standard is distinguished by its high immunity to scab and frost resistance.

The fruits are sweet and sour, aromatic, and are perfectly stored until May.

Zaslavskoe.

You will learn more about the Zaslavskoye apple tree variety from this article.

Koshtelya

Koshtelya is the most common variety in the Gomel and Brest regions. Characterized by the excellent taste of apples that will last until March.

Resistance to frost and scab allows the standard to be grown in other areas of the country and abroad.

Koshtelya.

Idared

Idared is grown not only in private gardens, but also on an industrial scale. The excellent keeping quality and transportability of the crop contribute to this.

The standard is classified as medium-sized and regularly bears fruit. The fruits are large, with excellent taste, consumed fresh and processed.

The winter varieties Syabryna and Pospeh also have similar characteristics.

Idared.

For more information about the Idared apple tree variety, see here.

How to care for an apple tree in Belarus

Caring for apple trees of Belarusian selection will consist of standard procedures - loosening, pruning, watering, fertilizing and mulching.

Watering is carried out as needed, taking into account what kind of summer and what age of the plant. In dry conditions, watering should be done every month, pouring out 4 to 6 buckets at a time. Under normal conditions, 3 waterings per season are sufficient.
Loosening should be done after watering. It can also be combined with the removal of weeds in the tree trunk circle.
Mulching is carried out in order to retain moisture and prevent the appearance of a large number of weeds. Grass without seeds, peat, sawdust, and leaves are used as mulching material.
Fertilizers are applied in accordance with all requirements, feeding the trees 3-4 times per season. They are needed in the spring at the beginning of the growing season, at the beginning of flowering, during the formation of fruits, after the fruits are collected.
Sanitary pruning can be combined with crown shaping. All branches affected by disease must be removed, as well as those that are broken or interfering with others.

Compliance with these conditions will help to grow a good harvest.

Dwarf, stunted and columnar trunks

In order to save space on the plot and plant more different varieties, gardeners are increasingly giving preference to compact apple trees.

On a dwarf rootstock you can grow:

Idared;
Geneva;
Champion.

It is better to make it columnar:

Malinovka;
Kovalenkovskoe;
Radiant.

Low stature is distinguished by:

Lobo;
Belarusian sweet;
Honey Crisp.

Rating of varieties

In order for the garden you plant to develop and bear fruit regularly, you need to carefully consider the choice of varieties. Particular attention is paid to:

on pollinating varieties that will grow in the neighborhood. To do this, similar trunks with the same or different ripening periods are selected;

Advice! “Raika” will be a universal pollinator for any apple tree.

The soil in which the seedlings will be planted will also be important. Each variety has its own characteristics and preferences for soils, it is worth taking this into account;
Fertilizers and plant feeding should be carried out regularly;
do not forget to clear and trim the crown.

These are universal tips for all standard trees, but for the lands of Belarus it is worth choosing seedlings for planting:

with good frost resistance, because often the thermometer shows low temperatures, which can simply destroy established flower beds;
having immunity to scab and other fungal diseases that can negate your care efforts;
regular yield is desirable, then the gardener will have fruits every year;
choose varieties on a dwarf or columnar rootstock, this will significantly speed up the fruiting period;
Drought resistance is also important, because in hot weather it is not always possible to water the trees.

Apple tree seedlings with a closed root system.

These characteristics are inherent in many varieties of both domestic and foreign selection, which take root well and bear fruit.

One has only to study in more detail the characteristics of a particular variety and take full responsibility for caring for the seedling.

By sweetness

You can choose seedlings according to individual taste preferences. Lovers of sweet apples will enjoy:

Kovalenkovskoe;
Belarusian sweet;
Spartan;
Honey Crisp.

According to scab resistance

Abundant fruiting also depends on the tree’s immunity; the higher it is in relation to scab and other fungi, the greater the yields will be. These diseases are not scary:

Radiant;
Belarusian sweet;
Minsky;
Elena;
To the champion;
Spartan;
Belane;
Zaslavsky;
Koshtele.

Apple scab.

According to ripening time

Autumn

The timing of fruit ripening is also important; in early autumn you can consume:

Melbu;
Elena;
Radiant;
Kovalenkovskoe;
Malinovka;
Geneva;
Belarusian sweet.

Winter

In cold weather, apples will help remind you of summer:

Honey Crisp;
Navavita;
Belana;
Antey;
Auxis;
Lobo;
Zaslavskoe.

Features of growing Belarusian sweet

Landing

Key Features

For this apple tree you need to choose a well-lit, sunny area, blown by all the winds. However, special care must be taken to ensure that there are no drafts. This can destroy the tree in the first year, without even allowing it to take root.
Belarusian sweet loves moisture, but does not show resistance to dry periods, so it is a good idea to plant it where the groundwater is not very deep or even near open water bodies.
Suitable black soil, sandy loam or loamy soil. It should be well ventilated and airy. If the black soil is too heavy and “greasy”, then it can be diluted with river sand.
The pits are prepared in advance, at least 1-2 weeks before planting. To do this, they dig holes up to 80 centimeters deep and 1 meter in diameter, part of the soil is mixed with fertilizers and filled back in, filled with 20-30 lire of water. The pits are left in the open air. It is permissible to prepare them in the fall if spring dates are expected.
You need to leave a distance of at least 2-4 meters between the apple tree and other plants so that later they do not conflict with their crowns and roots.
Pegs are immediately driven into the holes on the north side, to which the seedling will be tied. Such supports can be removed no earlier than the third year of growth of apple trees.
Immediately before planting, drainage is poured to the bottom. This could be vermiculite, broken brick, gravel or even nutshells. A seedling is placed on top of it, straightening the roots and first removing the damaged ones with pruning shears. Sprinkle with earth, lightly compacting so that the root collar protrudes at least 10-15 centimeters. If you allow the grafted cuttings to take root, then all the properties of the rootstock, for the sake of which the grafting is carried out, will be completely wasted.
The young tree should be watered immediately with 30-40 liters of water, and the trunk area should be mulched with chopped grass or humus.

In order for the tree to quickly take root and begin to produce good harvests soon, it should be planted correctly, choosing optimal conditions for this. For the Belorusskoye Sweet variety, the best option would be to grow from seedlings two or three years old.

Disembarkation dates

You can plant this variety in the spring, before the buds open, in early or mid-April, as well as in the fall after the leaves fall in October. However, the second option is more welcomed by experienced gardeners, since during the winter period and with the beginning of spring sap flow the apple tree will have more time to adapt to environmental conditions. The main thing is to ensure that there are at least 4-5 weeks left before frost, otherwise the tree may freeze.

Protection from frost and rodents

In the first and second years of growth, it is better to provide seedlings with reliable protection from frost, especially if the climate in your area is quite harsh. To do this, the near-trunk circle, together with the lower part of the trunk, is covered with spruce branches or straw sheaves, hay, or you can additionally tie it with foam rubber or nylon tights.

Such piles and the tender bark of young shoots will certainly attract the attention of hungry small rodents, who willingly feast on such delicacies in winter. To scare them away, the trunks are smeared with special chemicals, melted lard or grease. Whitewashing the trunk and skeletal branches with lime helps protect against insects.

Features of Belarusian selection

In Belarus, back in Soviet times, a lot of breeding work was carried out, which does not stop to this day; Belarusian varieties are known to gardeners from different countries. Of the new ones, I would like to name the following early or summer varieties: Kovalenkovskoe, Orlovim, Mechta. They ripen in July and can only be stored for one month. The following autumn varieties, zoned for the Vitebsk region, are well known to professionals: Luchezarnoye, Orlik, Auksis.

Autumn apples are good because they ripen at the beginning of autumn; you can eat them for up to three months without losing the quality of the fruit. But winter varieties are considered the real elite of the apple crop; they produce a harvest in early autumn and store it for about five months. The latest technical ripeness comes in October, and it is recommended to eat them after a couple of months, when the sweetness and aroma intensify, they can be stored until the new harvest.

Among them, columnar apple trees occupy an important place, and among the local ones, Alesya, Freedom, Pamyat Kovalenko, Verbnoye, Pospeh, Zaslavskoye, Antey, and Belorusskoye Raspberry received excellent reviews. The varieties of their apple trees are well known in Belarus; for many of them, the Golden Delicious apple tree served as the breeding material. Before deciding which apple trees to plant in your garden, you should look at reviews, read the descriptions and main characteristics of the varieties, including columnar apple trees.

Apple tree varieties for Belarus

In Belarus, back in Soviet times, a lot of breeding work was carried out, which does not stop to this day; Belarusian varieties are known to gardeners from different countries.

Of the new ones, I would like to name the following early or summer varieties: Kovalenkovskoe, Orlovim, Mechta. They ripen in July and can only be stored for one month.

The following autumn varieties, zoned for the Vitebsk region, are well known to professionals: Luchezarnoye, Orlik, Auksis.

Autumn apples are good because they ripen at the beginning of autumn; you can eat them for up to three months without losing the quality of the fruit.

But winter varieties are considered the real elite of the apple crop; they produce a harvest in early autumn and store it for about five months.

The latest technical ripeness comes in October, and it is recommended to eat them after a couple of months, when the sweetness and aroma intensify, they can be stored until the new harvest.

The varieties of their apple trees are well known in Belarus ; for many of them, the Golden Delicious apple tree served as breeding material.

Before deciding which apple trees to plant in your garden, you should look at reviews, read the descriptions and main characteristics of the varieties, including columnar apple trees.

“Review of winter varieties of apple trees”

In this video you will learn about the varieties of winter varieties of apple trees.

Source: https://sovhozik.ru/trees/yablonya/sorta-yablon-dlya-belarusi

Belarusian sweet

The tree is medium-sized, the crown has a round-cone shape. Fruiting begins 2–3 years after planting in a permanent place of growth, and produces a harvest every year. The tree tolerates cold winters well and does not suffer from scab and other diseases traditional for this fruit crop.

The round fruits are covered with a dense, smooth skin, their weight varies between 135 and 200 g, the main color is green, almost the entire fruit is covered with a bright blush. They look very appetizing, they delight with a faint aroma, the flesh is white and tender, and has a pleasant taste due to the large amount of sugars and ascorbic acid. After ripening, the fruits remain on the branches, but if they are collected late, they will lie less; they are consumed immediately after harvesting.

Apple tree

Apple tree

is a deciduous plant belonging to the rose family. Despite the fact that there are many types and subspecies of apple trees, including decorative ones, fruit apple trees are the most popular in our country. The size of apple tree fruits generally ranges from 100g to 300g; there are exceptions in the form of super-large-fruited varieties, but as a rule they are less productive.

The growth strength of an apple tree can vary from 1 to 10 or more meters. Typically the tallest trees are apple trees.

They grow either grafted onto a seed rootstock or simply grown from seeds.
For home garden cultivation, including industrial plantings, as a rule, plants on clonal rootstocks are chosen, since the growth vigor of such apple trees is limited to 2-5 m, earlier entry into fruiting (1-3 years of planting) and the fruits are 2 times larger . The most popular rootstocks at the moment are semi-dwarf or medium-sized 54-118, MM106, 62396. planting apple trees
on super-dwarf rootstocks on your site, since they require much better agricultural technology, fertilizing, chemical protection, mandatory support throughout the life of the tree, competent trimming by a specialist.
Buy apple tree seedlings only from trusted fruit tree nurseries to avoid introducing viral diseases, especially if planting is not limited to 5-10 trees. Also pay attention to the appearance of the plant; a living plant should look like a living one. The easiest way to check is to make a cut; it should be green or at least greenish. The varietal assortment of apple trees is currently huge. Everyone knows the old, time-tested apple tree varieties Pineapple, Ranetka, Antonovka, Belyi Naliv, Shtrifel, Malinovka. Progress does not stand still and more and more new varieties of apple trees
of domestic and foreign selection are appearing.
The best Belarusian varieties of apple trees
Belorusskoe sweet, Kovalenkovskoe, Antey, Elena, Vesalina, Zaslavskoe, Minskoe, new varieties of apple trees Syabrynya, Belana, Diament.
Varieties of foreign selection that have proven themselves well in Belarus: Ligol, Honeycrisp, Celeste, Auxis, Early Geneva, Hungarian Ruby, Topaz. Russian varieties of apple trees with excellent taste are Medunitsa, Konfetnoye, Bolotovskoye, Teremok and many others. If you want to have beautiful, large apples
without spending a lot of time on treating diseases, choose varieties with at least average resistance.
In terms of frost resistance, it all depends on the planting region and whether the area is closed from through winds. The climate is changing and varieties that one could only dream of planting in Minsk
and
Vitebsk
grow quietly and bear fruit without any shelter, the main thing is to keep the apple tree healthy until frost.
buy apple trees at a
plant nursery in spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October).
Thanks to the availability of delivery, albeit not to all cities of Belarus yet ( apple tree seedlings
can be purchased with delivery to Minsk, Vitebsk, Gomel, Mogilev, Orsha, Polotsk, Novopolotsk), there is no need to come and
purchase apple tree seedlings at the nursery
.
We have so far refused delivery to Grodno and Brest, as it is too far away, but the option to come to us always remains. Our apple trees have exceptional vitality and will give you a harvest within the first or second year after planting. How to plant an apple tree
with 100% survival rate can be seen on the website in the video section or on our YouTube channel.

Wishing you great harvests!

Verbnoe

The tree is characterized as medium-sized; it is valued for its indifference to frost and scab, and for its rich harvests. Its crown has the shape of an inverted pyramid, the branches are arranged quite compactly. The first harvest can be harvested within a couple of years after planting on the site.

The apples grow unevenly - from 150 to 300 g, their dense green skin is covered with a brown-red blush. The fruits are flat-round, greenish inside, and so juicy that they bite with a crunch. The fruits, sweet and sour with a faint aroma, last until May and are easily transported.

Darunak

The tree grows medium-sized, like most apple trees, its crown is rounded, its branches droop. The Darunak variety is valued for its good harvest, early fruiting, ability not to suffer from scab, and to survive frosty winters without loss. Its fruits are round, there are ribs, but they are rather weakly expressed, the apples are very large - their weight varies from 180 to 350 g. Apples with a strong green skin are almost completely covered with a bluish-red integumentary blush by the time of harvesting. The inside of the apples is tender, greenish, aromatic, with a sweet and sour taste.

Fruits are harvested after September 15, it is advisable to consume them no earlier than November, when they become sweeter and more aromatic, they are perfectly preserved until the spring of next year.

What varieties of apples are the most shelf-stable?

Which apple is the best? Of course, from your own site. Doctors agree with this. Most suitable for us are vegetables and fruits from the area where we live: within a radius of 50 km. Apples are not only tasty, but also healthy fruit. They contain a lot of pectin, vitamins C, B1, B2, P, PP, provitamin A, sugars (glucose and fructose), aromatic and tannin substances.

But I am sure that every gardener, when choosing this or that variety, in addition to taste and appearance, will definitely pay attention to its keeping quality. Winter apple varieties are the elite of the orchard. 53 varieties of apple trees are included in the state register of Belarus, 12 of which are for winter and 28 for late winter consumption. They are the so-called winter apples.

I was very happy for our breeders when in mid-June I read a note that there were still apples in the storage of the fruit department of the Moscow Botanical Garden. And the best-keeping varieties turned out to be the varieties of the Belarusian selection “Alesya” and “Memory of Sikora”. How do others behave in storage? For clarification, I turned to the head of the laboratory of genetic resources of fruit, nut crops and grapes of the Republican Unitary Enterprise “Institute of Fruit Growing”, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor Zoya Kozlovskaya

. She is the author of 34 varieties of fruit crops, more than 20 of which are apple trees, the rest are pears, plums, apricots and hazelnuts.

— The main distinguishing feature of winter varieties is their increased shelf life.
They are perfectly preserved until spring (and even until the new harvest) and do not lose their original taste and aroma. Apples are usually picked at the end of September - beginning of October in the phase of removable ripeness, when the fruits contain a lot of protopectin and starch. During ripening, the proportion of phenolic substances (catechins, anthocyanins and others), which determine the color and aroma of the fruit, increases. It is worth emphasizing that phenolic substances also belong to biologically active substances (BAS), which have antimicrobial, adaptogenic, P-vitamin (capillary-strengthening), antitumor, stimulating and other effects on our body. When properly grown, late varieties give a very good harvest. They are poured and ripened without haste, stocking up on vitamins and acquiring a rich taste and aroma over many months. Therefore, most winter varieties of apples are healthier and tastier than their faster-ripening counterparts.

Another difference between winter varieties and summer ones is that they do not acquire optimal taste immediately after picking the fruits, but within several weeks or even months after picking. Pay attention to the table.

In addition, trees of late varieties of apple trees have increased winter hardiness and can easily tolerate both severe frosts and cold snaps after a thaw.

To have apples all year round, you need to plant the majority of the apple orchard, at least 60 percent, with winter varieties. After all, they are the ones we put into storage. But there are different winter varieties. So, early winter varieties are stored until January. Winter ones last until February-March. The most persistent ones are late winter ones: they do not lose their qualities until April - June.

— Zoya Arkadyevna, let’s introduce readers to the above-mentioned varieties.

— I must say that we have a lot of keeping varieties. As for these, “Memory of Sikora” was bred back in 1949 by the Belarusian amateur breeder I. P. Sikora by crossing “Folvel” and “Reneta Simirenko”. “Memory of Sikora” refers to varieties with late winter consumption. It has high winter hardiness and yield, pleasant taste and shelf life. Among the disadvantages, I would name small fruit (average weight - 105-110 g) and average resistance to scab.

"Memory of Sikora."

Among the late winter ones, “Alesya” is the result of the work of the famous Belarusian scientist G.K. Kovalenko with co-authors V.G. Kovalenko, D.V. Grakovich. “Belarusskoye Raspberry” and “Bananavoye” were used as parent forms.

"Alesya."

Its undeniable advantages include resistance to diseases (including scab and powdery mildew) and extremely low temperatures, regular yield, low growth and compact dimensions, as well as good taste and long shelf life of the fruit. Apples do not fall off the tree during ripening. Their weight is 140-160 g.

— Is shelf life determined solely by genetic potential?

— No, apart from the variety, the length of storage of apples is greatly influenced by the timing and correct eating of the fruit. Overripe fruits will not last long, and unripe ones will be tasteless. Apples from trees growing on clay soil last longer, but they are poorly colored. A young apple tree produces larger fruits, but they are stored worse than apples from an older tree. Trees fed with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers produce fruits with greater shelf life. An excess of nitrogen, on the contrary, shortens this period.

— What is the best way to decide when to pick apples?

— You need to harvest when the main green color of the fruit’s skin begins to lighten, and the color characteristic of the variety appears on the illuminated side. Many gardeners determine harvesting time by the blackening of the seeds and the ease of separating the fruits from the branches. But these are not the most reliable signs. The iodine test is much more effective. Unripe fruits contain a lot of starch, which is colored bluish-black by iodine. If most of the starch has already been converted to sugar, the color will be much lighter. An apple will become harmonious in taste and aromatic only when the starch content in the pulp decreases and the ratio of sugars and acids becomes optimal.

The fruits must be removed along with the stalk, taking the utmost care, avoiding pressure, dents, and mechanical damage. When picking by hand, you need to grab the fruit with your palm, pressing your index finger on the stalk at the place of its attachment to the branch, and, slightly lifting it, separate it from the branch. And try not to remove the protective wax coating from the fruit. Place fruits immediately in the container in which they will be stored: each transfer is fraught with new damage.

— What determines the shelf life of fruits?

- Depending on the variety, speed of ripening and growing conditions. Uniform warm weather extends the onset of ripening and increases the shelf life of fruits. Very high temperatures, on the contrary, accelerate ripening and shorten shelf life.

Trees on weakly growing rootstocks begin to bear fruit early and produce large fruits. But such fruits ripen faster and are stored worse than those grown on vigorous rootstocks.

Watering is also important. Large amounts of precipitation combined with high temperatures accelerate the growth and ripening of fruits, while reducing shelf life. In rainy but cold summers, apples contain less sugar and more acids, the fruit is poorly colored, ripens slowly and is poorly stored. Therefore, you should not water the garden before harvesting.

— Which of our varieties are most popular in Belarus among farmers and amateur gardeners?

- “Alesya”, “Belarusian sweet”, “Verbnae”, “Vesyalina”, “Belana”, “Darunak”, “Elena”, “Zorka” and others. “Sakavita”, “Navavita”, “Krasavita” with a high juice yield of 70 percent or more are in great demand. And they contain twice as much pectin as in Antonovka.

“Aksamit” and “Palanez” are good. Tests of our “Dyyament” are ending in Belgium. In terms of quality, it even surpasses the best Western European and North American varieties.

I think that the early variety “Ranak” will also be appreciated - very tasty and juicy. And it can be stored for 2-3 months. I really hope for wider use in new gardens of selected Belarusian clones of “Antonovka”, “Minsky”, “Belorussky sinap” under the brand name “Belsad”, as well as the new variety “Krapach”, resistant to a complex of diseases, with large tasty fruits.

— Very often apples spoil during storage.

— Yes, sometimes the total losses from fungal diseases, depending on the variety, reach 20 percent or more. Under normal conditions, during long-term (up to 6 months or more) storage, apples are very often affected by fruit rot already in November - December. And as the shelf life increases (January - March), other harmful diseases become involved: anthracnose, penicillosis and gray rot.

But it must be said that not all varieties are equally affected by fungal diseases. For example, “Nadzeyny” is susceptible to fruit rot, “Imant” and “Darunak” are susceptible to anthracnose, but are less affected by gray mold.

— Storage diseases are agricultural mistakes, aren’t they?

- Absolutely. For example, bitter pitting is caused by a lack of calcium. There should be at least 5 mg of it in fruits per 100 g. Little calcium is supplied to trees growing on compacted soils, where there is insufficient moisture and low acidity. The mineral does not reach the upper part of the crown well, which is why it is deficient in fruits grown on the crown. So the “giants” are poorly stored.

The main reason for glassiness (in other words, filling) is a violation of water metabolism and too rapid hydrolysis of starch. Apples need sorbitol, a major product of photosynthesis that moves from the leaves into the fruit and is then converted into fructose. Fruit resistance to filling depends on the ratio of leaves to fruits. One apple should have at least 15–20 leaves.

The fruit pulp turns brown (darkens) most often in large-sized fruits stored later than the optimal harvest date and grown on young trees that are overfed with nitrogen and heavily pruned.

Elena

Elena is a summer variety, so the apples ripen much earlier than all those described. The apple tree does not suffer from scab, tolerates winters well, and produces a rich harvest. The tree is also medium-sized, the crown is oval-shaped, somewhat raised.

The apples are flat-round in shape, green in color, covered with a bright red-pink blush, their average weight is 120 g. They are classified as dessert and have a high tasting rating. The pulp is very tender, unusually juicy, sourish-sweet. Unfortunately, these delicious, aromatic apples can be stored for no more than a month.

Imant

Medium-sized apple trees of this variety are not afraid of severe frosts, cold winds and scab. They have a compact, rounded crown and excellent characteristics in terms of yield and early fruiting. The apples are slightly ribbed, conical in shape, and when ripe they are completely covered with a purple-red blush. The dense, cream-colored pulp is juicy to the point of crunch, sweet and sour. They harvest in October, but begin to consume no earlier than December, by which time the sweetness and aroma will increase, and it will be stored until next summer.

Hurry

The tree does not grow very tall, unlike most late winter varieties. Its crown gradually acquires a rounded pyramidal shape, drooping branches, growing, bend towards the ground. The Pospeh variety is distinguished by its indifference to frost and scab, high yield, and early fruiting.

The round fruits grow from 140 to 240 g, their main color is green, but almost the entire apple is gradually covered with a blurry striped red blush. The skin of the fruit is dense, elastic, the flesh is greenish, fine-grained, juicy, sweet and sour. Technical ripeness occurs by mid-October, but December is considered the time of consumer ripeness; after lying for a couple of months, the apples become sweeter and more aromatic. They are easily transported and stored until April – May next year.

Sweet and dessert apple varieties for Belarus

Sweet varieties of apples and varieties of apples with a dessert taste of fruits for growing in Belarus are described: Elena, Kovalenkovskoe, Slava Pobeditelem, Syabryna, Belorusskoe sweet, Darunak, Jonagold, Zarya Alatau, Redcraft, Topaz, Charavnitsa, Champion.

ELENA

Variety

summer ripening

Description of the variety:

The fruits are medium in size (up to 150 g), flat-round in shape, the main color of the skin is green, the color of the outer color is pink-red, the flesh is white, the thickness of the skin is medium, with a pleasant sour-sweet taste. The Elena variety has: high resistance to scab, marketable appearance, dessert taste of fruits, ripening 7-10 days earlier than Papirovka.

Sweet varieties of apples. KOVALENKOVSKOE

Variety

summer ripening

Description of the variety:

The fruits are of medium size, fruit weight 150 g, round-conical in shape, the main color of the skin is green, the color of the outer color is dark red, the pulp is sweet-tasting, white, the thickness of the skin is medium. The Kovalenkovskoye variety has a good presentation, a dessert taste of the fruit, and is resistant to scab.

GLORY TO THE WINNERS

Variety

autumn ripening period

Description of the variety:

The fruits are light with a blush, with smooth skin; large or medium-sized, oblong-rounded, sometimes slightly conical in the upper part, smooth (sometimes with a barely noticeable edge), stored until November. The taste is sweet and sour, strong aroma.

The variety Slava Pobeditelem has good yield and winter hardiness of trees, and high quality fruits.

SYABRYNA

Variety

autumn ripening period

Description of the variety

: Fruits are above average size (average weight - 180 g), round in shape. The main color is light yellow, the outer color is scarlet in the form of a blurred blush over most of the fruit.

The pulp is white, juicy, sweet and sour, fine-grained consistency, with a medium aroma (tasting score - 4.6 points).

Variety Syabryna: winter-hardy, productive (up to 30 t/ha), early fruiting, resistant to scab.

Sweet varieties of apples. BELARUSIAN SWEET

Variety

winter ripening period

Description of the variety:

The fruits are large - from 135 to 200 g, round with a smooth surface. The main color is greenish, the outer color is red. The taste of the pulp is sweet with a faint aroma. The Belorusskoe sweet variety is immune to scab.

DARUNAK

Variety

winter ripening period

Description of the variety:

The fruits are large (average weight - 205 g, maximum - 350 g), round in shape, slightly ribbed, asymmetrical. The main color is green, the outer color is purple in the form of a blurry striped blush almost throughout the fruit.

The pulp is greenish, medium density, fine-grained, tender, juicy, aromatic, pleasant sweet and sour taste (tasting score - 4.5 points).

Variety Darunak: winter-hardy, productive (up to 35 t/ha and above), resistant to spring frosts, very early in fruiting.

JONAGOLD

Variety

winter ripening period

Description of the variety:

The fruits are large (average weight - 200 g), regular round-conical shape, one-dimensional, the main color is greenish-yellow, the outer color is red, blurred over the entire surface of the fruit.

The pulp is yellow, dense, coarse-grained, very juicy, sour-sweet, with a strong aroma (tasting score - 4.9 points).

The Jonagold variety is not winter-hardy enough and requires heat and a long growing season.

Sweet varieties of apples. ZARYA ALATAU

Variety

winter ripening period

Description of
the variety:
Medium-sized fruits (120-140 g), conical, smooth. The skin is dense and shiny. The main color is light green, the cover color is a slight blush on the sunny side. The pulp is dense, juicy, fine-grained, tender, sweet, with a dessert taste. The Zarya Alatau variety has a long shelf life.

REDCRAFT

Variety

winter ripening period

Description of the variety:

The fruits are above average in size (average weight - 175 g), flat-round in shape.
The main color is green, the outer color is red in the form of a blurred blush throughout the fruit. The pulp is creamy, dense, fine-grained, very juicy
, aromatic, with
a pleasant sour-sweet taste
(tasting score - 4.5 points). The Redcraft variety is immune to scab.

TOPAZ

Variety

winter ripening period

Description of the variety:

The fruits are of medium size (average weight - 150 g), flat-round in shape, leveled. The main color is light green, the outer color is red in the form of a striped-blurred blush throughout the fruit.

The pulp is creamy, dense, coarse-grained, very juicy

, aromatic,
pleasant sweet and sour taste
(tasting score - 4.7 points).

The Topaz variety is immune to scab and has a very attractive appearance.

Sweet varieties of apples. ENCHANTESS

Variety

winter ripening period

Description of the variety.

The fruits are medium-sized, round, orange-yellow at consumer ripeness, the flesh is creamy, juicy, sweet, dense. The Charavnitsa variety has high resistance to scab. It remains in storage until May.

CHAMPION

Variety

winter ripening period

Description of the variety.
The fruits are
of medium size (average weight - 150 g), regular round-conical shape, one-dimensional, the main color is greenish-yellow, the outer color is red, blurred, covering half the surface of the fruit.

Numerous light gray subcutaneous dots are characteristic. The pulp is creamy, with a greenish tint, very dense, very juicy, sour-sweet, with a strong aroma (tasting score - 4.7 points)

The Champion variety is not winter-hardy enough, is not resistant to scab and especially bark and wood diseases, but is high-yielding.

You can read about sweet and dessert pear varieties for Belarus here:

You can get advice on choosing seedlings and planting a garden in Minsk and the Minsk region here:

gardener and organic gardening consultant B.O.I.

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Source: https://bioflora.by/sladkie-i-desertnye-sorta-yabloni/

Syabryna

The Syabryna variety is a winter variety. The tree is medium-tall, frost-resistant, does not suffer from scab, is not afraid of spring frosts and is indifferent to adverse factors. On clonal rootstock, fruiting begins already 3 years after planting; it is stable, regular, and no frequency of harvest is observed under normal conditions. The crown has a round shape, straight branches are directed upward, arranged compactly, the apples do not fall off when ripe.

The fruits are almost one-dimensional with an average weight of 130 g; the pale yellow color of the apple is gradually covered over almost the entire surface with a crimson blush. The pulp is greenish, fine-grained and juicy with a sweet and sour taste, but rough; the skin is quite dense, which helps preserve the fruit until the end of winter without loss of quality. The variety is prone to a large harvest; it is recommended to regulate the number of ovaries manually so that the fruits do not turn out small.

Apples in the snow

Winter apple varieties are the elite of the orchard. 49 varieties of apple trees are included in the state register of Belarus, 12 of which are for winter and 23 for late winter consumption. They are the so-called winter apples. What is their feature? I addressed these and other questions to the head of the department of selection of fruit crops of the Republican Unitary Enterprise "Institute of Fruit Growing", Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor Zoya Kozlovskaya. Zoya Arkadyevna is the creator of 19 Belarusian varieties of apple trees, 2 - pears, 8 - plums.

I would like to note that if immune varieties of apple trees are grown on clonal rootstocks, then they begin to bear fruit faster. The varieties “Alesya”, “Antey”, “Belorusskoe Sladoe”, “Verbnae”, “Zaslavskoe”, “Pamyat Syubarova”, “Charaunitsa” on clonal rootstocks of average vigor 5–25–3, MM 106, 54 are especially responsive to this. –118. During the period of full fruiting, they produce up to 50 kg or more fruits per tree. After planting, annual seedlings already produce a noticeable harvest in the 3rd or 4th year. On dwarf rootstocks 62–396, M 9 and M 26, trees are planted more densely, forming a fruit wall. In this case, a smaller harvest is collected from the tree, but a larger harvest per unit area. And almost all apples are equal in size and shape.

— Late-winter varieties “Krasavita”, “Navavita”, “Sakavita” are now undergoing state and production testing - they are of high quality and resistant to many adverse environmental factors.

Video “Review of winter varieties of apple trees”

In this video you will learn about the varieties of winter varieties of apple trees.

When choosing a suitable variety of fruit tree to grow, it is important to pay attention to the climate conditions of the area. In addition, the history of the origin of the tree variety and its place of origin are taken into account. These parameters establish the biological potential of the tree in accordance with its economic value: frost resistance, fertility and quality of fruits, resistance to diseases, especially fungal ones. Such potential is possible in areas favorable for growth. What apple varieties are ideal for growing in Belarus?

Breeding achievements

The Institute of Fruit Growing of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus has developed special varieties of apple trees that are genetically resistant to a dangerous fungal disease - scab. Such varieties of the famous Belarusian selection are excellent for growing in many Russian regions that have a similar climate. Apple tree varieties bred in Belarus are planted in the Central regions of the Russian Federation and the Moscow region.

Many apple trees bred in Belarus are grown on clonal rootstock. Such varieties bear fruit annually from the third year of life. As for the yield, it is much higher than on the seed rootstock.

The following varieties have excellent frost resistance:

Vesalina;
Antey;
Zaslavskoe;
Belarusian raspberry.

Susceptibility to spring frosts is observed in the following apple trees:

Topaz;
Sava;
Imant;
Jubilee;
Darunak;
Elena;
Liberty;
Cliff;
Raya;
Nadzeiny;
Persistent;
Chulanovka;
Padding and others.

The most popular summer varieties: Elena, Luchezarnoye, Papirovka and Kovalenkovskoye.

Which apple varieties are suitable for growing in Belarus

These parameters establish the biological potential of the tree in accordance with its economic value: frost resistance, fertility and quality of fruits, resistance to diseases, especially fungal ones.

Such potential is possible in areas favorable for growth. What apple varieties are ideal for growing in Belarus?

Breeding achievements

Many apple trees bred in Belarus are grown on clonal rootstock. Such varieties bear fruit annually from the third year of life. As for the yield, it is much higher than on the seed rootstock.

The following varieties have excellent frost resistance:

Vesalina;
Antey;
Zaslavskoe;
Belarusian raspberry.

Susceptibility to spring frosts is observed in the following apple trees:

Topaz;
Sava;
Imant;
Jubilee;
Darunak;
Elena;
Liberty;
Cliff;
Raya;
Nadzeiny;
Persistent;
Chulanovka;
Padding and others.

The most popular summer varieties: Elena, Luchezarnoye, Papirovka and Kovalenkovskoye.

Darunak

The shape of the fruit is round, there is slight ribbing. The peel has a waxy coating and is slightly oily. The color of the fruits of the Darunak apple tree is green, but there is also a purple blush in the form of stripes covering the entire surface. The pulp is characterized by a sweet-sour taste and weak aroma. Based on the tasting results, the variety was rated 4.5 points.

The advantage is long-term storage until April.

Belarusian sweet

The weight of one apple ranges from 170 grams. The peel has a green color and an attractive red blush, having an impressive size. Apples are stored from October to March. The variety received a tasting mark of 4.1 points.

The fruits have juicy, tender, unusually sweet and aromatic pulp.

Imant

The apple tree is medium-sized, equipped with a compact and rounded crown. The shape of the fruit is blunt-conical and has ribbing. The color of the fruit is intense red, with a slight purple tint. The fruits are available from December to June. Description of the pulp: crispy, very juicy, creamy, dense, with some sourness.

According to the tasting assessment, the apple tree received 4.2 points.

Syabryna

A winter variety with excellent yield and resistance to scab. It is characterized by medium height, a beautiful rounded crown, and stable fruiting.

If the rootstock is clonal, then the harvest is harvested already in the third or fourth year of the apple tree’s life. The approximate weight of one fruit is 130 grams. The color of the fruit is pale yellow, there is a crimson blush over the entire surface.

Tasting score – 4.5 points. The fruits are consumed from October to February. The pulp is tender, juicy, sweet.

Hurry

Quite frost-resistant, high-yielding species. It has a slow growth rate and therefore remains low. The branches hang down, the shape of the tree crown is round.

As for the weight of the fruit, the average is 240 grams, the shape is round. The skin is oily and has a waxy coating. The color of apples is green, but there is also a red blush. The pulp is aromatic, sweet and sour and juicy.

Tasting mark – 4.1 points. The consumption period is late. Stored until April.

Elena

The apple tree is medium-sized, the shape of the crown is slightly raised and oval. As for fruiting, it is stable and generous. The weight of the fruit is 120 grams, the shape is flat-round. The main color of the fruit is green, the outer color is red-pink. The tasting score is 4.8 points, which is considered an excellent indicator. The pulp of these apples is unusually juicy, fragrant and tender, fine-grained.

Consumption period – August.

Verbnoe

The main advantage is recognized to be quite early fruiting, since the first harvest is harvested two years after the seedling is planted in the ground. There is excellent polygenic resistance to the fungal disease scab. It is important to note that the size of the apples is quite impressive, the weight is 250 grams.

The shape of the fruit is flat-round.

The color is pale green, there is a brick red blush. Description of pulp: juicy and fine-grained. Score – 4 points. The aroma is not very pronounced. As for the chemical composition of Verbnoye apples, it is important to point out the following components: sugar - 9.3%, ascorbic acid - about 12 mg per 100 grams, dry matter - 10.7%, and titratable acidity - 0.8%.

The noted varieties of apples are very popular. They are resistant to frost and the fungal disease scab. Each of them bears fruit regularly and has large and medium-sized fruits.

The main advantage is that fruits are stored for a long time and do not rot. Trees need proper planting, regular and proper care, feeding and pruning.

All agricultural activities are carried out according to a standard scenario.

Source: https://pasechnyk.ru/medonosy/yablonya/sorta-yablon-v-belarusi.html

The best varieties

Darunak

There is excellent immunity to fungal scab, good winter hardiness, early fruiting and high yield. Entered into the state register in 2011. As for the crown of the tree, its shape is rounded, with hanging branches predominating. Emphasis should be placed on large fruits, weighing about 350 grams. The shape of the fruit is round, there is slight ribbing. The peel has a waxy coating and is slightly oily. The color of the fruits of the Darunak apple tree is green, but there is also a purple blush in the form of stripes covering the entire surface. The pulp is characterized by a sweet-sour taste and weak aroma. Based on the tasting results, the variety was rated 4.5 points. The advantage is long-term storage until April.

Belarusian sweet

As for this variety, it is characterized by frost resistance, excellent early fruiting and resistance to scab. Average growth vigor is noted, the shape of the crown is round, and the shape of the fruit is round-asymmetrical. The weight of one apple ranges from 170 grams. The peel has a green color and an attractive red blush, having an impressive size. Apples are stored from October to March. The variety received a tasting mark of 4.1 points. The fruits have juicy, tender, unusually sweet and aromatic pulp.

Imant

The variety is characterized by remarkable resistance to the insidious fungal disease - scab, copes well with severe frosts and winds, and is characterized by early fruiting and stable fruiting. Imant was entered into the state register in 2005. The apple tree is medium-sized, equipped with a compact and rounded crown. The shape of the fruit is blunt-conical and has ribbing. The color of the fruit is intense red, with a slight purple tint. The fruits are available from December to June. Description of the pulp: crispy, very juicy, creamy, dense, with some sourness. According to the tasting assessment, the apple tree received 4.2 points.

Syabryna

A winter variety with excellent yield and resistance to scab. It is characterized by medium height, a beautiful rounded crown, and stable fruiting. If the rootstock is clonal, then the harvest is harvested already in the third or fourth year of the apple tree’s life. The approximate weight of one fruit is 130 grams. The color of the fruit is pale yellow, there is a crimson blush over the entire surface. Tasting score – 4.5 points. The fruits are consumed from October to February. The pulp is tender, juicy, sweet.

Hurry

Quite frost-resistant, high-yielding species. It has a slow growth rate and therefore remains low. The branches hang down, the shape of the tree crown is round. As for the weight of the fruit, the average is 240 grams, the shape is round. The skin is oily and has a waxy coating. The color of apples is green, but there is also a red blush. The pulp is aromatic, sweet and sour and juicy. Tasting mark – 4.1 points. The consumption period is late. Stored until April.

Elena

If we take into account the summer varieties of apple varieties, then Elena is an ideal representative. The variety is new, it is characterized by early ripening, namely, a week earlier than Papirovka. There is excellent resistance to frost, good yield - 25 tons per hectare. It is remarkably protected from scab fungus and has a dessert taste. The apple tree is medium-sized, the shape of the crown is slightly raised and oval. As for fruiting, it is stable and generous. The weight of the fruit is 120 grams, the shape is flat-round. The main color of the fruit is green, the outer color is red-pink. The tasting score is 4.8 points, which is considered an excellent indicator. The pulp of these apples is unusually juicy, fragrant and tender, fine-grained. Consumption period – August.

Verbnoe

Refers to the late winter ripening period. Good yield is noted - 30 tons per hectare, as well as resistance to frost. The average vigor of tree growth predominates. The crown is characterized by medium density and a rounded shape. Productivity is regular. The main advantage is recognized to be quite early fruiting, since the first harvest is harvested two years after the seedling is planted in the ground. There is excellent polygenic resistance to the fungal disease scab. It is important to note that the size of the apples is quite impressive, the weight is 250 grams. The shape of the fruit is flat-round.

The noted varieties of apples are very popular. They are resistant to frost and the fungal disease scab. Each of them bears fruit regularly and has large and medium-sized fruits. The main advantage is that fruits are stored for a long time and do not rot. Trees need proper planting, regular and proper care, feeding and pruning. All agricultural activities are carried out according to a standard scenario.

The climatic conditions of Belarus are favorable for growing apples. Every year the country harvests rich harvests of these tasty and healthy fruits. Along with the old ones, new and promising varieties of apples bred by breeders are successfully cultivated.

The latest varieties of apple and pear trees of Belarusian selection

We all love the apple tree; it rightfully occupies a leading position in our gardens. However, the demand for apples is increasing every year and every year the requirements for these varieties are increasing more and more. In recent years, our institute has created several new varieties of apples and a new variety of pear. I will now briefly tell you about these varieties. “ Polonaise ” - this apple variety is actually an autumn apple, but it stores very well. You may notice that it is already the beginning of winter, and it looks very presentable, is not subject to wilting, is resistant to scab, has a beautiful, attractive fruit shape, and is beautifully colored with a slight silvery tint. The peculiarity of this variety is its very pleasant, sweet taste, this variety, I repeat, is an autumn variety and it is now undergoing zoning at our state variety plots. In terms of growth vigor, the tree is moderate, very productive, winter-hardy and disease-resistant. I think that it will take its rightful place in your gardens, especially since we still have few sweet, autumn apples.

The remaining varieties presented here are varieties intended for long-term storage. We recently transferred the winter variety of apples “ Belana ” for variety research. “Belana” stands for “Belarusian pineapple” and although its color is very bright and cannot be confused with pineapple, nevertheless, its taste is simply amazing, pleasant, sweet and sour with snow-white pulp. The variety is resistant to scab and quite resistant to winter frosts. I believe that in taste, the only thing better than “Belana” is “Dyyament”.

And finally - “ Diyament ” itself. This variety is also being studied now, I can say that in terms of its qualities it is one of the best varieties for winter ripening. The fact is that now the requirements for the quality of fruits are changing slightly. We want the flesh to be crispy, juicy, and aromatic, whereas literally 20-30 years ago, varieties with tender and soft flesh were required. What is special about the “Diyament” variety? Firstly, this is the aroma, this is the most fragrant apple of all that are presented here, on our table and in the collection in general. Its taste is sweet and sour, very pleasant, the flesh is chipping, snow-white, very juicy. “Dyyament” is stored in refrigerated chambers, at a temperature of + 3 + 4, until March - April, and if you provide, as some large farmers do, chambers with a controlled gas environment, then it can actually be stored until May.

For those who like uncolored apples, we can offer the “ Nadzeiny ” variety. In terms of quality, this is the best variety for baking and for the production of juices. It has a very delicate pulp texture that does not darken during processing. The variety is very winter-hardy, you can see in a good, sunny summer how it turns a little color, inside the crown it retains a beautiful, greenish color and produces amazing juice.

The most juicy apple is the “ Sakavita ” variety. This is a godsend for those whose children suffer from an allergy to red apples. Because this variety is completely hypoallergenic, like “Nadzeiny”. Here you can make a small remark - the fact is that in fact, the allergy is not caused by the pigment that colors apples. Allergies are caused by a special protein contained in the pulp and the most allergenic variety, oddly enough, is “Golden Delicious”. So, the “Sakavita” variety is intended specifically for the production of juices. The juice is light, the pulp does not darken - this is an ideal apple for processing.

Of our already fairly well-known varieties, I would like to talk about the “ Darunok ” variety. This variety has already been released throughout Belarus; it is distinguished by very beautiful, attractive apples that have such a beautiful, waxy coating and sometimes even seem a little purple. This apple is for those who love tender pulp. Like all the varieties presented here, it is also quite resistant to scab, winter-hardy, and very productive. It is stored until February.

Another variety that is now actively gaining popularity is our famous “ Vesyalina ”. For a long time they did not pay attention to it, but now it rightfully occupies a leading place in production gardens. Why? Based on the totality of all its qualities, this variety is universal. It is suitable for fresh consumption, for storage, and for processing; it is very unpretentious, such a hard-working variety. Its peculiarity is its pink flesh; it is the only Belarusian variety that has a pleasant, pink color of the flesh, especially in fruits grown on the tops. It is very resistant to bark and wood diseases, which is important for our climate, and resistant to scab. The peculiarity of this variety is its polygenic resistance to scab. That is, it does not need serious protection; literally two, maximum three or four treatments per season are enough to get absolutely clean fruits, very winter-hardy. We have been observing this variety for decades and I can say that it has not experienced any serious freezing, even in the harshest winters. Very good yield if pruned correctly.

A significant gap in our assortment was the lack of good winter varieties, or rather a choice of winter pear varieties. Everyone knows “Belarusian Late” . But, along with its undeniable advantages, it has such a disadvantage as small fruit. Of the foreign varieties, we actively grow “Conference” in the southern regions of Belarus, as well as “Bere Luka” and “Patten” . However, these varieties are not enough to completely saturate the market, and in this case, the creation of our new winter pear variety “ Zaveya ” was a godsend. As you can see, this is a rather large pear compared to the “Belorusskaya late”, it has a long shelf life. Under normal conditions, the “Zaveya” variety can be stored until February. If we create conditions with a controlled gas environment, then it may well last until March - April. The taste compares favorably with most winter varieties, which have hard flesh. “Zaveya” has snow-white, juicy, oily, melting flesh. The tree is very winter-hardy, it is not for nothing that it is called “Zaveya”, it is productive and bears fruit every year. We believe that this variety will be a worthy replacement for “Belarusian late” and “Conference”. The variety is now also undergoing a variety study and I think that after its successful completion, this variety will receive the right to be produced in all our regions.

The best varieties of apple trees for Belarus with descriptions and characteristics

Natural conditions make it possible to grow apple trees in Belarus, zoned for the central regions of Russia. However, in recent years, Belarusian breeders have developed many new varieties that are resistant to scab and can withstand frosts, return frosts and prolonged low temperatures during the flowering period. Varieties grafted onto medium-sized and dwarf rootstocks bear fruit 2–4 years after planting. According to the tasting scale, their taste is rated above 4 points. In the southwestern regions of Belarus, preference is given to varieties of apple trees with large, sweet fruits.

Summer apple varieties for Belarus

These varieties ripen in July-August. Apples cannot be stored; they must be eaten or processed immediately.

Table: summer varieties

Photo gallery: summer varieties

Early varieties of apple trees for Belarus

Apples of autumn and early winter varieties can be picked in late August-early September. They reach consumer maturity after one to two weeks. The fruits can be stored for several months, until January.

Table: autumn and early winter varieties

Photo gallery: autumn and early winter varieties

Late varieties of apple trees for Belarus with descriptions and characteristics

Winter and late winter varieties are characterized by increased shelf life. They are removed in late September-early October. These apples can last well into the summer and develop their full flavor several months after they are picked from the tree. Late-flowering trees can withstand return frosts without consequences. The fruits are distinguished by durable skin and dense pulp. The long period of ripening of apples increases the content of vitamins in them.

Table: winter and late winter varieties

Photo gallery: winter and late winter varieties

Features of growing apple trees in Belarus

The moderate continental climate of Belarus is favorable for growing apples. In winter, against the backdrop of moderate cold, prolonged thaws can be observed. Summer is warm and there is a lot of rain.

In the northeast, in the Minsk region, spring comes at the end of March. In the southwest (Grodno region) spring comes already in the first ten days of March. Signs of autumn are observed earlier in the northeast, in the second half of September. In the southwestern regions, summer lasts until early October.

The soils in most of Belarus are turfy, but there are also sandy and loamy ones. Groundwater in some places comes close to the surface. Increased soil acidity requires the use of special agrotechnical measures.

Planting an apple tree in Belarus

You can plant an apple tree in spring - in April, and in autumn - in October. Adherents of autumn planting believe that the seedlings will have time to take root before winter and will actively begin to grow in the spring. Other experts are confident that spring planting promotes better plant development.

In spring you can plant when the ground has already thawed (from late March to late April). In the Bryansk and Gomel regions, planting begins a little earlier than in the north of Belarus.

When choosing a seedling, pay attention to its grafting method. An apple tree on a dwarf (clonal) rootstock begins to bear fruit earlier, but a tree on a seed rootstock lives longer.

Despite their size, apple trees on a dwarf rootstock produce a rich harvest

High humidity and cool weather during the growing season, characteristic of the climatic conditions of Belarus, contribute to the development of scab. When choosing seedlings, preference should be given to varieties resistant to this disease.

It is advisable to purchase seedlings with an open root system immediately before planting. If it is not possible to immediately plant the tree in its intended place, take measures to preserve the viability of its roots.

Wet the roots, wrap them in a wet rag, wrap them in a plastic bag and place them in a cool, dark place.
Before planting, place the roots in water for several hours.

If you purchased a seedling in the fall and plan to plant it in the spring, bury it in a trench 50 cm deep in an inclined position.

Recommendations for choosing a seedling taking into account the groundwater level (GWL):

GWL > 3 m - a seedling on any rootstock is suitable.
Ground level < 1.5 m - give preference to a dwarf rootstock.
With a groundwater level of 1.5 m to 2.5 m, a seedling can be planted on a semi-dwarf rootstock.

In Belarus there are practically no heavy wetlands, so there is no need to prepare a hole for planting in the fall. Rules for preparing holes for planting depend on the size of the tree:

for dwarfs - 90x90x40 cm, distance 1.5x3 m;
for semi-dwarfs - 100x100x50 cm, distance 3x5 m;
for tall ones - 120x120x80 cm, distance 5x5 m.

If you are planting in sandy soil, place a 15 cm thick layer of clay at the bottom of the hole. The root collar should be at soil level when planting. Do not introduce fresh manure into planting holes: the ammonia and hydrogen sulfide released during decomposition will damage the roots.

Scheme of planting an apple tree seedling in a hole

If the groundwater level is high, it is recommended to plant the seedling on a hill. In case of high humidity, trees are planted on ridges more than 1 meter wide and up to 50 cm high.

When the groundwater level is high, the apple tree is planted on a hill

How to care for an apple tree in Belarus

Caring for apple trees includes standard procedures:

watering,
top dressing and fertilizers,
protection from diseases,
pruning,
harvesting,
preparation for winter.

Newly planted trees and dwarf trees especially need watering. During the summer, this procedure must be repeated 3-4 times, based on the norm of 3 buckets for each tree. Watering is stopped when the fruits are ripening to prevent the apples from cracking. In October, trees need plenty of moisture to prepare for winter.

Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in the spring, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in the fall. If the soil is acidic, ash or dolomite flour is added to the tree trunk circle in the fall.

Ash copes well with soil deoxidation

If the tree is frozen, foliar feeding with a urea solution (0.5%) will help it recover. The first feeding is carried out 10 days after flowering. To consolidate the result, the tree is sprayed again after 1–2 weeks.

After harvesting, it is useful to spray the tree with a 2% solution of copper sulfate. This treatment will kill pest larvae and fungal spores.

We prune the tree in autumn or spring. In autumn, this procedure can be done from the beginning of leaf fall until the temperature passes -10 °C, until December. In the spring, you can start caring for the apple tree after March 8 and finish it before it blooms.

It is recommended to prune fruit trees twice a year: in autumn and spring.

Late variety apples are well preserved until spring and even summer if you follow the basic harvesting rules:

Comply with collection deadlines.
Do not remove the waxy coating from apples.
Withstand quarantine: apples in a box should stand for 2-3 weeks in a cool place, after which all low-quality fruits must be selected and removed.
For storage, you need to put apples (no more than 3 kg) in thick plastic bags, make 5-6 holes in the bag with a match/toothpick for gas exchange and tie the bag with a rope.
Place the bags in boxes and store at temperatures from -1 °C to +1 °C. But you can’t store apples in the same basement as potatoes!

Before wintering, it is recommended to insulate the trunk of a young tree: tie it with spruce branches or straw. It is advisable to cover the trunk circle with a layer of moss and spruce branches.

Video: tips for growing and caring for an apple tree

Top 5 apple trees of Belarusian selection that will not disappoint

Belarusian apple varieties are guaranteed to survive even a harsh and windy winter, resist the most common and dangerous garden disease - scab, and delight with the sweetness of the fruit even in cloudy summers.

Belarusian breeders created potatoes of different colors

During the existence of the Institute of Fruit Growing, and it was created one of the very first in the structure of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus in 1926, more than 200 zoned varieties of fruit trees and berry bushes were bred.

Little apple, but useful

Sputnik asked Belarusian breeders to make a rating of the best varieties of Belarusian apple trees.

“The average Belarusian consumer prefers a red apple that is round in shape, has a sweet and sour taste, and is larger than average in size. Moreover, the tastes of residents of eastern and western Belarus are somewhat different. The eastern consumer can be called less spoiled, but residents of the western part love larger and sweeter fruits - this is due to the proximity of Poland, where other varieties are cultivated,” said Anatoly Krivorot, acting director of the Republican Unitary Enterprise “Institute of Fruit Growing” of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences.

At the same time, according to the scientist, consumer love for large fruits does not always mean choosing the best.

“After all, the amount of biologically active substances in any fruit is approximately the same, which means that in a small or medium apple their concentration is higher,” the scientist said.

Early-fruiting apple trees of Belarusian selection produce their first fruits a year after planting, and an adult tree can produce up to 25 kg of fruits

Top 5 varieties of apple trees of Belarusian selection from scientists of the Republican Unitary Enterprise “Institute of Fruit Growing”:

1. Alesya.

A late-winter variety whose fruits are intended for long-term storage. The apples have a record keeping quality and are perfectly stored in the cellar until May. The fruits are quite large, up to 150 grams, juicy, with a sweet and sour taste, and have a persistent pleasant aroma.

2. Vesalina.

A variety that is harvested in late autumn, but it is better to eat it in winter - it takes several months for the apple to “reach” storage. The main advantage of the variety is its excellent winter hardiness and fairly sweet red fruits. In addition, it can be stored for up to 165 days.

3. Syabryna.

A very fast-growing variety, it begins to bear fruit already in the second year after planting in the garden. Syabryna's fruits are large, juicy, with a pronounced raspberry blush, sweet with a slight sourness. The variety is winter-hardy and disease-resistant.

4. Belarusian sweet.

Frost-resistant, early-fruiting, scab-resistant. The fruits are usually green with a red blush. Juicy, tender, sweet.

5. Imant.

A late-winter early-fruiting variety that tolerates even severe frosts. The apple tree of this variety is characterized by increased fertility - it can produce up to 25 kilograms of apples per season.

The standard of Belarusian gardening

Among pears, the best variety bred by Belarusian breeders can be called the Simply Maria variety.

Apple orchard in bloom

“This name is clear to everyone over 30 - the series of the same name was very popular back then. But in fact, our pear is named after the main author of the variety, Maria Myalik. This pear is considered the standard of Belarusian gardening and the most desirable variety from Belarus in Russia. This is an autumn variety and can be stored in the refrigerator until January. Even in a cold summer, such a pear ripens to a pleasant sweetness,” said Anatoly Krivorot.

These varieties can traditionally be found in stores that sell seedlings, on Komarovka, and at sales points along the roads.

Now seedlings are being sold en masse everywhere. It is important to know about spring seedlings that they were dug up in the fall. If for some reason they did not have time to sell, they are buried or placed in special storage and sold in the spring. However, with proper winter storage, this will not affect their survival rate in any way, because at this time the plant is in the resting phase.

Seedlings purchased in early April can be safely planted in the ground without waiting for warmer weather. Young trees tolerate light frosts well, provided that their root system after planting has been well watered and reliably protected by the soil.