Fruits and berries » Grapes
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Kira Stoletova
The Descendant of Rizamat grape received this name for a reason: its description is almost 100% identical to the characteristics of its parent. This grape crop combines all the positive qualities of its predecessor, which is why it is so popular among gardeners.
Growing grapes Descendant of Rizamat
What type does it belong to?
“Descendant of Rizamat” is a hybrid table grape subspecies.
Zarya Nesvetaya, Ruta and Korinka Russkaya belong to the same species. The ripening period is very early.
The berries ripen by the end of July - beginning of August, but for better sugar accumulation they are usually left to hang longer - until autumn.
It is perfectly preserved on bushes and is equally resistant to transportation and storage.
The fruits do not crack, do not rot and do not lose their taste.
It is used in bouquets of dessert and table wines, in homemade compotes and desserts, also fresh - because of its rich, revealing taste with a subtle muscat note.
Features of care
It is quite difficult for beginning gardeners to grow these grapes. "Rizamat" is considered a whimsical plant that needs daily attention. In addition to spraying, shaping and sanitary pruning, this plant also requires timely preparation for winter, without which it will gradually freeze in cold climates.
Planting a bush
Before cultivating this variety, you must take into account that mature bushes are tall and large, so grape plantings should be placed in spacious areas. The variety grows best in monoculture, in bush form, so throughout the entire planting area, cuttings are planted in rows, at a distance of at least 2.5 m between each bush. Such areas should be well lit: the south or southwest side is best suited for this.
The plant does not like stagnant moisture, so it is planted only in loose, light and well-fertilized soil. The procedure begins approximately 2 weeks before the planting date, at which time the soil must be well prepared. To do this, small depressions about 80x80 cm long and wide are created at the planting site. A 5 cm drainage layer of gravel or broken brick is laid at the bottom of the hole, and then 10 cm of soil. After this, 6 kg of manure is placed in the hole, which is tightly covered with soil, after which the manure is thoroughly mixed with the soil.
The procedure is carried out in mid-autumn or spring. Spring planting is considered more preferable, since with its help it is possible to achieve more active rooting of the sprout. Young fragments of shoots with a diameter of 0.5–1 cm and a length of about 40 cm, with 2-3 viable buds, are suitable as planting material.
Watering and fertilizing
These grapes love moisture - its absence during the period of fruit formation leads to low yields, as well as a decrease in the size of the berries. However, stagnation of moisture is not desirable for Rizamat, as this leads to cracking of the berries even before ripening. Accordingly, water the soil abundantly, but at long intervals.
For one bush, depending on its age, you need to spend at least 5–15 liters of water. In spring and summer, the procedure is carried out once every 2 weeks, starting from the second half of August, watering is stopped, after which the grapes can be gradually prepared for winter. Freshly planted cuttings are watered once a week, but by mid-summer the frequency of watering is reduced to 2 procedures per month, and then the grapes are transferred to an adult mode of maintenance.
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Timely fertilizer "Rizamata" helps to avoid low yields, as well as prepare the plant for future wintering. The first feeding is carried out in early spring, after the onset of a full thaw. To do this, dissolve 20 g of superphosphate, 10 g of ammonium nitrate and 5 g of potassium nitrate in 10 liters of settled water. During the flowering period, fertilizing is repeated, which increases the number of ovaries on the bush. Newly planted cuttings are not fertilized during this period, since there will be enough manure in the soil for normal plant growth.
Pruning and shaping the bush
Pruning and shaping of the bush is carried out exclusively in the fall; in the spring, the procedure has a detrimental effect on the grapes and leads to the loss of a third of the harvest. Dry, excess and old shoots must be removed. This is important for the yield of the bush, since clusters develop only on the young parts of the bush. Pruning is carried out so that 3-4 main branches remain on the bush, including several young ones.
To prevent fungal infections and the appearance of incapacitated buds on Rizamat, it is recommended to remove the stepsons. This pruning is carried out as early as possible, while they are in grassy form. To speed up the ripening time of the bunches, it is also recommended to remove foliage that shades the berries.
How to prepare a plant for winter
Since “Rizamat” is not frost-resistant, the bush must be prepared for winter. This procedure is carried out after harvesting, during the period of leaf fall. Old and unnecessary shoots, as well as foliage, are removed from the bush, and the vine is shortened if necessary.
Diseases of Rizamat grapes and protection against them
“Rizamat” is not resistant to specific diseases, so this grape gets sick often, especially if it is grown in a plot with grape plantations in a monoculture. Most often, the variety is affected by fungal infections, which lead to damage not only to the plant itself, but also to the crop.
The main diseases of Rizamat grapes and their symptoms are given in the table:
It is quite difficult to cure grapes from infection, but it is possible. For this purpose complex fungicides are used. The best drug among them to combat the problem is “Cuproxat”; it is used twice with an interval of 14–20 days. For preventive purposes, this product is used 2 times before flowering and 1 time during the formation of berries.
Description of the grape variety Descendant of Rizamat
The bush is tall. Strong-growing ones also include Ataman Pavlyuk, Original, Anthony the Great.
The bunch is large, 600-1000 (sometimes 1500) g, has the shape of a regular cone, is dense, and peas are very rare.
The berry is large, 15-20 g, nipple-shaped, golden-pinkish.
When stored on the bushes for a long time, it becomes a rich ruby color, like the “dad” - Rizamat.
The skin of the berry is dense, of medium thickness, and cannot be felt when eaten.
The pulp is dense, juicy, crunchy.
The mature shoot is light brown with dark red nodes. The flower is hermaphrodite, just like those of Romeo, Gordey and Helios.
The leaves are bright green, large, medium and strongly dissected.
Landing rules
Due to the fact that the plant has a rather weak immunity against major diseases, it is better to buy planting material from farms.
A healthy grape seedling has brown stalks.
However, there are also dishonest sellers in nurseries, so the gardener must independently inspect each cutting not only for damage, but also for signs of disease.
You cannot choose seedlings with a suspicious color, and do not listen to conversations that this is a special variety and its color is different from other species. It is worth remembering that all varieties have a light brown seedling with a greenish tint; in extreme cases, the seedling may be dirty green, but not grey, black or brown - these are old plants.
There is no plaque on a healthy cutting; the eyes are firmly attached to the shoot.
Planting scheme
The Descendant of Rizamat is planted according to the classical scheme.
Standard planting hole for grapes.
- The depth and width of the hole is 80 cm, the distance between seedlings is 2 m.
- The terrain is flat, without potholes, and maximally protected from wind and drafts.
- It is necessary to ensure free access to the sun - plant on the south side of the site. Avoid swamps, lowlands, acidic soil, clay soils.
- Optimal conditions are chernozem, loam.
and care
Care consists of regular watering, mulching, loosening the soil near the roots, eliminating weeds, systematic pruning, normalization of brushes, and preventive treatment.
The buds have moved, it’s time to spray the vine with Bordeaux mixture.
Photo
You can see the “Descendant of Rizamat” grapes more clearly in the photo below:
Characteristics
The descendant of Rizamat resists frost well ( -25 -26 degrees Celsius ), but is much worse resistant to rot, powdery mildew and phylloxera.
Frost-resistant varieties also include Beauty of the North, Pink Flamingo and Super Extra.
Needs preventative treatment.
Shelter for the winter is required in regions where winter falls below the temperature mark of -18 degrees .
Gets along well with rootstocks. Very prolific, prone to overload, therefore, to maintain a regular and abundant harvest, you need to trim eight to twelve eyes, leaving a maximum of 45 per bush .
Sugar content is approximately 18 brix. Damage caused by wasps is moderate.
Diseases and pests
Of course, it will not do without wasps and birds. Jays, magpies, sparrows and tits do not pose a serious problem - they are easy to deal with by fencing the vineyard with a tough, unyielding net that would not allow the bird to get to the berries and would not act as a snare.
It's more difficult with wasps.
Despite the stated resistance to wasps, according to reviews from winegrowers, striped predators attack “Descendant of Rizamat”, and how.
It all depends on how humane the farmer is.
Wasps not only love grapes, they destroy serious pests, such as aphids, so why kill them?
Therefore, it will be enough to simply pack the bunches in special mesh bags and seal all the holes in the posts on which the bushes are supported - this is one of the favorite places for wasps to build nests .
By the way, about the latter. If you think that the “mustachioed stripes” have no place on your hacienda, you will need to find and destroy all wasp nests. Sticky traps and insecticides such as “OtOs” are also used.
Powdery mildew , false and real, are another uninvited guests in the vineyard.
If oidium is ignored, carelessness will be very costly - the entire vineyard will be destroyed. They are combated by spraying with drugs such as Ridomil, Sandofan, Ditan M-45.
Garlic broth also helps, but it is less effective.
Gray rot is also a dangerous enemy, affecting all parts of the bush and rendering the fruit unusable. Immunocetophyte, Topaz, Fundazol, Vitriol, Karbofos are good against it.
An even more terrible disease is bacterial cancer . No drugs are effective against it at all, although, as scientists say, such drugs have already been invented and are being tested.
Therefore, you will have to be more careful about prevention - before purchasing, you need to carefully inspect all the seedlings to see if there are any cuts, abrasions or growths.
Planted cuttings must be protected and not be damaged again. The diseased bush is uprooted and burned.
“Descendant of Rizamat” also has poor resistance to phylloxera.
It can be limed only with flammable carbon disulfide, in a concentration of 300-400 (but not less than 80) cubic centimeters per square meter.
The trouble is that, in addition to the parasite, it also kills the bush itself, but it is better to sacrifice a bush than the entire vineyard - getting rid of phylloxera is very, very difficult.
“Descendant of Rizamat” is an ideal option for those who live in the middle zone , but at the same time would like to have this southern miracle on their property.
Yes, the variety’s resistance to fungi is weak, but all winegrowers, one way or another, go through the need for preventive spraying and agrotechnical work.
The reward for the work invested will be such that all difficulties will be instantly forgotten - just pick up this pouring, fragrant bunch or try a good homemade wine.
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