Bryansk golden apple tree: features of the variety and care

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The Bryansk apple tree was bred by the famous breeder A. Astakhov. Later, based on the already obtained variety, the same scientist created its subspecies. The hybrid was obtained by crossing, and special genes were introduced into the genetic system of the apple tree, which contributed to the high resistance of the crop to various diseases.

• Landing
• Deadlines
• Technology
• Care
• Features of ripening and fruiting
• Harvest and storage
• Growing in regions
• Reviews from gardeners

Growing apple trees Bryansk

Description

The Bryanskoye variety was bred in the city of Bryansk by breeder A.I. Astakhov. The tree has many advantages, one of which is immunity to scab.

The apple tree is a winter-ripening variety; it is medium-sized and characterized by rapid growth rates. The crown is round, medium thick. The branches are straight, extend from the trunk at an obtuse angle and point upward. The fruits are set on ringlets and spurs. The shoots are medium thick, straight. The leaves are large, round, green. The flowers are large, white, very fragrant. The fruits are medium-sized, weighing up to 150 grams.

How to properly care for an apple tree?

During the first few years, only sanitary and maintenance pruning will be enough for the plant to maintain health: dry, broken, too thin or frozen branches are removed.

Pruning is carried out in late autumn or at the very beginning of spring. The pruning procedure is carried out in the spring at such a time that the temperature is not lower than + 12 - 15 degrees, but the buds have not yet appeared on the branches. Excessive sanitary treatment in the fall can reduce the plant’s resistance to frost, so this is an important measure. Wounds and cuts after pruning are treated with garden varnish or oil paint.

Maintenance treatment helps to give the desired shape to the crown and prevents it from growing too large. Branches that grow deep into the crown are pruned at an acute angle, shoots that are ahead of the main conductor in growth, and he himself is pruned by one third annually.

Without pruning, the plant is much more likely to be attacked by pests and is more prone to disease. The annual growth ranges from 0.5 to 1 meter.

For 2-3 years after planting, gardeners carefully monitor the tree trunk, periodically loosen, remove weeds and water in a timely manner. 1-2 times a month, a few buckets will be enough. Subsequently, water with as many buckets of water as the plant is old.

Fertilizing for the apple tree will be needed for 3-4 years of life. As a rule, 4 feedings are used for each season: root and foliar. In early spring, apply a urea solution at the root: 2 tbsp per 10 liters of water. By the beginning of summer, special preparations such as “Ideal” are sprayed on the leaves. In autumn, root feeding with mineral fertilizers with a large amount of phosphate is required.

Types of varieties

The Bryanskoe apple variety has three subspecies that appeared during the selection process: Zolotistoe, Aloe, and Pink. In addition to the color of the fruit, they have some features.

Golden

Bryanskoye Zolotistoe is a high-yielding, resistant winter-ripening variety that was bred by crossing Antonovka and the American variety Golden Delicious. It has a number of advantages: good endurance, winter hardiness and disease resistance.

The tree grows quickly and produces a full harvest in the fifth year after planting.

The fruits of the apple tree are large, one-dimensional, slightly ribbed. The skin is golden yellow, with multi-colored subcutaneous dots. The pulp is white, dense, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour, with a spicy aroma. Apples are rich in vitamins and microelements and are useful to eat fresh.

Aloe

Bryansk Aloe differs from Golden Aloe in the rich dark scarlet color of its fruits. The skin is covered with a waxy coating. The apples are one-dimensional, have short stalks, stick well to the branches, and do not fall off. The pulp is white, with a subcutaneous pink tint, juicy and dense, the taste is sweet and sour.

The tree is medium-sized, with a round crown. It begins to bear fruit early and produces a harvest annually. The yield of gardens of this type is up to 300 centners per hectare.

Pink

Bryanskoye Rozovoye is a variety of apples with a dessert taste, the shape of the fruit is oblong-round. They ripen at the end of September and are stored until the end of December. In specially equipped storage facilities or refrigerators they can be stored until spring without losing their taste.

The tree grows quickly and forms a round crown. Responds well to feeding. It bears fruit annually and produces large yields. Adapts well in difficult weather conditions.

The photo shows the fruits of different types of the Bryanskoe variety: Zolotistoe, Aloe, Pink.

Apple tree variety Bryansk aloe

Its fruits are more flattened, flat-round, with a basic green color and a bright crimson-red blush. The flesh under the skin has a pinkish tint. The ripening time varies depending on the latitude of cultivation: near Orel it is an early winter apple tree, and in the nurseries of Mordovia it is positioned as an autumn apple tree.

Its fruits are also of decent size, more than 150 grams, and have a dessert taste. They last in the refrigerator for about 150 days, until February. Suitable for making processed sweet products.

Of course, young apple trees must be planted in prepared, filled holes, following generally accepted rules. For more efficient fruiting, they are alternated with pollinators, which can be Antonovka, Bogatyr, Lobo or Spartan. It is better to plant in the fall.

The root collar should be raised above the surface, taking into account subsequent shrinkage. Young plants must be sprayed against diseases and pests at least twice a year: after the leaves bloom and before flowering. Further agrotechnical measures do not differ from those applied to this type of pome crops.

Bryansk pink

Gardeners sometimes come across the name Bryansk pink, but in fact it is a synonym for scarlet, which is sometimes also called simply Bryansk.

Characteristics

All Bryansk apple trees have the same characteristics and growing rules. They differ only in the color of the fruit.

Advantages and disadvantages

The variety has a number of positive characteristics for which gardeners appreciate it.

Among the advantages of the Bryansk apple tree they note:

• high productivity;
• taste of fruits;
• frost resistance;
• resistance to fungal diseases, especially scab at the genetic level.

The disadvantage is the short shelf life of the fruit. But against the background of all the advantages, this drawback is insignificant.

Tree height

The tree is medium-sized, at the beginning of fruiting it reaches a height of 4-5 meters. The Bryanskoye apple tree grows no more than 7 meters.

Crown width

The crown of the apple tree is round, not very thick and reaches a width of 4-6 meters.

Annual growth

The apple tree is characterized by a rapid growth rate. The annual growth is 60-70 cm. With insufficient sun, growth slows down slightly.

Productivity

The cyclicity of fruiting in apple trees of the Bryanskoye variety has not been observed.

The first fruits appear 4 years after planting. And starting from the 6th year, the tree produces a full harvest, which reaches 200 kg from one tree.

With industrial cultivation, results of 280-350 centners per hectare are achieved. A record harvest was noted - 600 centners per hectare.

Self-fertility

The Bryanskoe variety does not need pollinators; it pollinates itself. This makes it easier to grow, especially in industrial gardens.

Tasting assessment

Tasters highly appreciated the quality of the apples. And they received five points 4.8, which indicates good taste.

Apples are recommended for fresh consumption. But thanks to their rich composition of nutrients, they are suitable for making jam, jam, juice, compote and dried fruits.

Winter hardiness

The variety was created in the region of Central Russia and is endowed with resistance to winter frosts. It tolerates temperatures as low as -35 degrees.

Apple tree in winter.

The risk of plants freezing increases if they grow in areas with high groundwater levels.

Disease resistance

The apple tree is resistant to scab and other fungal diseases. But the tree was infected with fruit rot.

Spring preventive treatments will help the tree successfully resist garden diseases.

Diseases and pests

Columnar apple trees are resistant to fungal diseases, but it is still necessary to take measures to protect trees from diseases.

Main diseases of apple trees:

1. Scab is the most common disease. At first, the leaves become covered with olive spots, which then increase in size and darken. The fruits become covered with dark spots, which harden and crack. To protect apple trees, immediately after the buds open, they are treated with Horus, Strobi or Rayok.
2. Powdery mildew - affects new shoots and is easily recognized by the silvery dust on new leaves. These leaves wither and fall off. Heavily infected shoots should be cut off and burned. To treat the tree, spraying with a solution of colloidal sulfur is used.
3. Root rot - occurs if water stagnates in the area and the roots are constantly in contact with it. Organize the correct water regime - perhaps this will help the apple tree recover. If the affected area is too large, the tree will die.
4. Bacterial cancer - manifests itself in areas of frost damage (these are blackened areas of branches or trunk). The tree is sprayed with a copper-based solution (Bordeaux mixture 1%). The lesion is smeared with the same solution and then painted with oil paint.

codling moth

During the summer, you need to carry out 3 treatments against the codling moth with an interval of about 40 days between them. Methods of controlling insects can be environmental and chemical - spraying trees with insecticides if pests are detected.

Did you know? Recommendations for growing apple trees from ancient French treatises advise planting them only on hills, arguing that the fruits on such trees are tastier.

Environmentally friendly methods of control are used:

• removing weeds and clearing the garden of fallen leaves in the fall;
• attracting birds and predatory insects (for example, ladybugs) to the garden;
• hanging traps with pheromones for insects.

Landing

An important stage of planting is choosing a location: it should be sunny, with low groundwater. These can be loamy or sandy loam soils that are moisture and breathable.

Deadlines

Apple tree seedlings can be planted in spring and autumn.

In spring, planting is carried out before the buds open, usually the end of March - beginning of April. In autumn - at the end of September - beginning of October, but 3-4 weeks before the onset of frost.

Technology

A hole for planting a seedling is dug 50x80 cm in size. A mixture of humus, peat, mineral fertilizers and ash is poured onto the bottom and mixed with soil. When placing the seedling, sprinkle it with soil and lightly compact it, water it abundantly with water. Make sure that the grafting site remains above the ground.

Apple tree planting diagram.

To improve heavy soils, you can add river sand or gravel to the planting hole.

Distance

When planting, you need to take into account the size of the crown of an adult tree. Scheme of planting apple trees of the Bryansk variety 5x5 meters.

Care

Tree care includes:

• watering;
• fertilization;
• crown formation;
• prevention and treatment of diseases.

Watering the apple tree should be moderate but systematic. This is especially true during the dry season. In its first year of life, a young tree needs weekly watering, which over time is reduced to once a month, and for an adult tree, once every 3-6 months is sufficient.

In early spring, it is necessary to fertilize the crop with mineral fertilizers, as well as preventive treatment against pests and diseases. Organic fertilizers are applied late in the fall.

At the same time, if necessary, you should dig up the tree trunk circles. During the entire growing season, it is necessary to remove damaged branches, spoiled fruits, and fallen leaves.

It is recommended to prune the Bryanskoye apple tree twice a year: in early spring and autumn, before the onset of cold weather. Cleaning a tree involves ridding it of damaged, old, dry or diseased branches. This is how the crop is rejuvenated and its crown is formed.

To reduce the risk of tree disease, it is advisable not to plant it too close to other garden or vegetable crops.

If the first signs of diseases appear (brown spots on the fruit, wrinkled leaves, poor condition of the trunk), it is necessary to immediately take appropriate measures to combat them. Depending on the disease, a special agent is selected (copper oxychloride, urea solution, copper sulfate, etc.), which is used to treat the soil or crown of the apple tree.

Features of cultivation

Growing apple trees consists of regular watering, fertilizing and crown pruning.

Agricultural technology

Young plants after planting need frequent watering, especially during dry periods.

In the spring, fertilizing with mineral fertilizers and preventive treatment of trees against diseases is carried out.

Treatment in summer is carried out only if affected by any disease. During this period, it is important to collect carrion.

In the fall, organic fertilizers are applied and the soil around the tree is dug up.

Pruning and crown formation

The formation of an apple tree begins in the second year after planting. The central conductor is cut off, which promotes the development of lateral branches.

Pruning apple trees in spring.

Sanitary pruning of the crown is carried out in the spring: dry, damaged branches growing inside the crown are removed. Cut off old branches. This has a good effect on the formation of flower buds and an increase in yield.

Tips for caring for wood

Caring for an apple tree consists of proper soil maintenance, on which the fruiting of the garden depends:

• In the first year, mulch is kept on the tree trunk area; manure and humus are used as it.
• In rainy summers in August, dig up the layer carefully, trying not to damage the roots of the tree. Near the trunk, the digging depth is 5-8 centimeters, at the edge of the trunk circle – up to 18.
• In the fall, fertilizers are applied consisting of 2 kilograms of humus, 25 grams of superphosphate, 12 grams of potassium salt. The rate of fertilizer depends on the fertility of the soil. It is better to use liquid fertilizers. After flowering, take 10 grams of ammonium nitrate and 5 grams of potassium salt into a bucket of water. To set fruit buds, you also need to add mineral complexes of phosphorus and potassium in July.
• Apple trees are watered five to six times a summer in the first year, and then 4 times is sufficient. The soil is soaked to a depth of 50 centimeters, so one tree needs up to 5-7 buckets of water.
• Green manure is sown between the rows and mowed in August, laid out around the trunk of the apple tree.

Caring for apple trees is not difficult. If you want to achieve fruits in large quantities and regularly, then you should follow the rules of care in full.

Ripening and fruiting

The Bryansk apple tree begins to bear fruit early and the yield is high.

Beginning of fruiting

The apple tree begins to bear fruit early, but in the first three years it is necessary to remove the flowers so that the tree does not waste energy on the fruits, but grows and becomes stronger.

Apples are left on the tree for the fourth year after planting; in subsequent years, fruiting increases.

Grafting onto skeletal branches accelerates fruiting in the second year.

Deadlines

The timing of flowering and ripening depends on weather conditions during this period.

Bloom

The apple tree usually blooms in May; in the southern regions, flowering can begin at the end of April.

Apple tree in bloom.

The tree is abundantly covered with large, white, fragrant flowers.

Fruit ripening and storage

The Bryanskoye apple tree is a winter variety, the fruits ripen in September. They are stored in refrigerators until December, and in specially equipped rooms until spring. At the end of storage, the pulp partially loses its juiciness. The fruits of the Bryanskoe Rozovoe apple tree do not lose their taste during storage.

Harvesting

Apples stick well to the branches, which allows you to harvest the crop with virtually no loss.

Peculiarities

The fruits of the Bryansk variety are medium in size, weighing from 150 to 300 grams.

Fruiting occurs mainly on ringlets and spurs; apples have medium roots.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

Having tried Candy apples at least once, it is simply impossible to forget their taste.

In addition, the variety has a number of other advantages:

• resistance to very low temperatures: it is interesting that after a particularly frosty winter, the tree grows well and produces a rich harvest;
• high yield: from 50 to 100 kg;
• easy care;
• high resistance to pests and infections.

But this variety also has several small disadvantages that need to be taken into account:

• the large and spreading crown does not allow “Candy” trees to be planted next to other plants;
• fruits are difficult to transport;
• At normal temperatures, apples of this variety are difficult to preserve.

Attention! In the refrigerator, the fruits of “Confectionery” can last no more than a month, and without it - only a couple of weeks. This feature is typical for all early summer varieties of apple trees.

Growing in regions

In the Moscow region, the Bryanskoye apple tree variety grows well and bears fruit. Thanks to its frost resistance, it can withstand the cold winters of this region. In case of partial freezing, the affected branches are removed and the tree quickly recovers. If necessary, preventive treatments are carried out against fruit rot, which can develop in conditions of high humidity.

In Ukraine, a good harvest of the Bryanskoe variety is obtained; in the southern regions, during the dry period, it is important to carry out additional watering. Fertile soils are rich in useful substances, but on sandy soils the tree needs to be fertilized with organic fertilizers.

In the Volga region

In the conditions of the Volga region, Bryanskoe apple trees adapt and bear fruit successfully; they require watering during the dry period and treatment when damaged by pests.

Harvest and storage

At the end of the first autumn month, harvest time approaches. It is necessary to pick the fruits on a sunny, dry day to maximize their shelf life. Apples should be picked together with the stalks, being careful not to damage the surface of the peel.

It is better to put the harvested crop immediately into wooden or fruit boxes, where it will be stored in the future. The place for storing fruits should be cool, the optimal temperature is +2...+5°C, air humidity is up to 70%. At home, apples are usually stored in the cellar or refrigerator. For industrial purposes, special fruit refrigeration rooms are installed for storage.

Reviews about apple trees

Gardeners throughout Russia and the surrounding area have been growing the Bryansk apple tree for a long time and share their impressions and reviews.

Golden

Irina, 42 years old, Serpukhov: “I am a beginner gardener, I wanted to plant Golden Delicious on my plot. But I came across an article in a magazine describing the Bryansk Zolotistoe apple tree variety; it is ideal for our region. This tree bears fruit in my garden plot. The apples are very tasty and I make preparations for the winter.”

Aloy

Grigory, 55 years old, Orel: “For a long time I was looking for a variety suitable for our region, with high quality fruits. On the advice of a friend, I planted an apple tree of the Bryansk Aloe variety. The tree is not picky and care is easy. The apples are tasty, and the tree produces a good harvest.”

Pink

Mikhail, 62 years old, Krasnodar region: “The Bryanskoe Rozovoe apple tree variety is a godsend for gardeners. The tree bears fruit well, the apples are very tasty and beautiful. Maintenance consists of annual pruning.”

common apple tree Bryansk.

Semi-dwarf form

Created with the aim of preserving the advantages of the variety and simplifying the work of caring for and harvesting.

The height of trees on a semi-dwarf rootstock is 2.5 - 3 m, and the crown is much narrower, which allows you to increase the number of plants per unit area.

They begin to bear fruit in the 3rd year . The yield is initially insignificant and lower than that of plants with a high crown. The total yield increases due to planting density.

Semi-dwarf rootstock.

Productivity

The variety is characterized by early fruiting and increased productivity. The first fruits that can be consumed are produced in the 3-4th year of life.
It compares favorably with other varieties due to its abundance, regularity and annual harvests . When the tree comes into full strength, the yield of trees planted per hectare ranges from 270 to 350 c/ha.

The high commercial quality of the fruits ensures good sales; moreover, the fruits are easily transported and, subject to the necessary conditions, are stored until February.

The varieties Venyaminovsky, Vityaz, Dessertnoe Petrova, Elena and Imrus are also distinguished by high yields.