Apple tree Julyskoe Chernenko: description of the variety
Apple tree Julyskoe Chernenko: photo
The Iyulskoe Chernenko apple tree is an early-ripening variety of apples, known not only for the early ripening of fruits, but also for their outstanding commercial qualities. Thanks to their attractive appearance and pleasant flavor bouquet, the variety has gained recognition among domestic gardeners. The creator of this variety is the scientist-breeder S.F. Chernenko, who crossed the ancient winter-hardy apple variety “Naliv Belyi,” also known as “Papirovka,” and the long-known autumn variety “Anis Scarlet.” This article will discuss the main characteristics of the Iyulskoye Chernenko apple tree variety, instructions for planting its seedlings and caring for them.
New varieties
Many time-tested varieties of apple trees are losing popularity among gardeners due to imperfections in their cultivation: periodic reduction in yield, susceptibility to scab and other diseases. In addition, often ancient varieties do well in temperate climates and do not take root in other regions.
Gaia
The variety was included in the State Register in 2021 and is recommended for the North Caucasus region. Gaia is positioned as a high-yielding variety. The leaves are dark green, broadly oval. The tree is tall, fast growing, with a wide crown. Fruit ripening occurs in late July; apples ripen en masse in August. The fruits are large, slightly flattened at the poles, the peel is dense. Ripe apples are yellow-green, shaded with a rich scarlet blush covering 80% of the surface, striping is barely visible. The juicy and sweet pulp is tender, fine-grained, and has a creamy tint. Gaia fruits have a very intense aroma.
Features of the variety:
- high immunity to various diseases;
- fruiting is annual;
- winter and heat resistance, drought resistance.
Summer Red
The variety was included in the State Register in 2021 and zoned in the North Caucasus region. It is characterized as a late-summer ripening, universal variety. The tree is powerful, fast-growing, with a medium-dense crown. The leaves are medium-sized, ellipsoidal, with a pointed tip. The surface of the leaves is slightly wrinkled. Summer Red fruits are very large and reach a weight of 210 g, usually one-dimensional throughout the harvest, ovoid. Light ribbing is noticeable. The peel is greenish-yellow in color with a scarlet blush covering almost the entire apple. The pulp is dense, juicy, aromatic. The taste of Summer Red apples is sweet and sour.
Features of the variety:
- precocious;
- winter-hardy, drought-resistant and heat-resistant;
- good immunity to diseases and pests.
The fruits of the Summer Red variety reach 210 g
Minusinsk summer
An early summer variety recommended for cultivation in the East Siberian and West Siberian regions. A large, fast-growing tree with a wide pyramidal crown. The leaves are medium sized, ellipsoidal. The apples are small (55 g), slightly compressed at the poles and have almost imperceptible ribbing. The peel of the fruit is greenish with a yellow tint and crimson stripes. The taste of apples is sweet, with a slight sourness.
Features of the variety:
- early fruiting variety;
- winter hardiness is high, but drought resistance is low;
- scab-immune variety.
Apple tree Julyskoe Chernenko: main characteristics
Apple tree Julyskoe Chernenko: photo
Apple tree Iyulskoe Chernenko is a summer variety of universal apples, known for its unpretentious character. The only difficulty in caring for it is pruning, which must be done regularly due to the rapid growth rate of the plant. Young trees of this variety quickly adapt to a new location and grow, tolerate winter well and are rarely affected by the most common diseases among fruit crops. The exception is scab, so the prevention of this disease must be given attention from the first year of growing a tree. Another important factor influencing the development of apple trees of the “Iyulskoye Chernenko” variety is the degree of soil moisture. Trees of this variety do not tolerate the close location of groundwater to the surface of the earth on the site. The average lifespan of the July Chernenko apple tree is 35 years.
Apple tree Julyskoe Chernenko: photo
Apple trees of the Iyulskoe Chernenko variety are characterized by high growth rates and reach their maximum size at the age of 5 years. By this point, their average height is from 5 to 7 m, and the crown finally takes on its shape. It is characterized by an oval-conical shape and an average degree of thickening. The medium-sized leaves of the traditional apple tree shape are painted in a bright emerald green color and have a smooth surface. The green color of the fruit in the technical ripeness phase, upon reaching full ripening, is replaced by rich scarlet. A few stripes are visible across the entire surface of the apple skin. The average weight of fruits of the “Iyulskoe Chernenko” variety varies from 120 to 150 g, the maximum weight is 180 g. Old apple trees of this variety ripen smaller fruits - in this case, a pruning procedure is indicated to rejuvenate the tree.
Landing
Deadlines
The optimal time for planting young seedlings is the third ten days of September and until mid-October.
Technology
Seedlings must be planted in a lighted place
For planting, you need to choose a well-lit area.
If the tree does not receive enough light, the fruits will not be as sugary, sourness will predominate, and the harvest will not be as abundant.
Do not allow liquid to stagnate in the near-root soil. If the groundwater is too close to the soil surface, drainage must be done before planting. Chernozem, sandy loam or loamy soil with neutral acidity is suitable for seedlings.
Prepare the soil six months before planting the plant. To do this, spread a mixture of compost, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, and phosphate rock onto (m²). After this, the ground is dug up.
The width of the hole must be at least 1 m, and the depth - 0.5 m. If several trees are planted, it is necessary to maintain a distance of 5 meters between them. This will prevent one seedling from shading the rest.
A peg is driven into the northern part of the hole. Lower the seedling into the hole, carefully straightening out all the roots.
Sprinkle with soil, distributing it evenly over the roots so that all the voids are filled. Tie the seedling to a stake and pour two or three buckets of settled water under it.
Fruiting dates and harvest volume
On average, up to half a hundredweight of apples are harvested from one mature apple tree of the Iyulskoye Chernenko variety. Young trees bear fruit every season, starting at the age of three. As they grow older, they switch to periodic fruiting: the harvest season is replaced by rest during the next year. One of the factors that reduces harvest volumes is excessive crown density. In this case, the green mass takes away the nutrients necessary for the formation and ripening of fruit ovaries. In order to avoid such a situation, it is recommended to thin out side branches, as well as targeted fertilizing.
additional characteristics
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages:
- Precociousness (apple trees begin to produce apples at 3-5 years);
- Early fruit ripening (from mid-July);
- Bright cherry color of apples;
- Resistance to frost, which was passed on from the parent varieties.
Flaws:
- Apples do not ripen at the same time;
- The variety is not resistant to scab.
Growing areas
Central and Volga Federal Districts of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus.
Tree dimensions
The apple trees are vigorous, up to 5 m in height.
The variety Iyulskoe Chernenko grows up to 5 meters.
Productivity
are collected from one tree .
Tasting assessment
The fruits of July Chernenko are well rated.
Winter hardiness
The variety is winter-hardy.
Disease resistance
The variety is resistant to major apple tree diseases, but not resistant to scab.
The variety Iyulskoe Chernenko is not resistant to scab.
Watch the video on how to deal with scab:
Lifespan of a tree
The tree lives up to 35 years.
Commercial qualities of apples Iyulskoye Chernenko
The fibrous part of the apples of the Iyulskoye Chernenko variety is light green in color and has a refreshing sweet and sour taste and a pronounced aroma. The chemical composition of the pulp includes many sugars, acids, pectins and vitamin C (more than 10 mg per 100 g). The apple variety Iyulskoye Chernenko is classified as a dessert variety; its fruits can be eaten fresh and are also used for preservation. Baby food made from “Iyulskoe Chernenko” apples is very popular due to its pleasant sour notes.
Characteristics of the variety
The height of the tree is about 5 m. Up to 50 kg of crop can be harvested from one unit. The top has an oval shape, the branches are strongly drooping, the foliage is round, slightly oblong, and emerald in color.
The apples are scarlet, rosy and delicious. On average, the weight is 140 g. Some specimens reach 180 g. The pulp is white, sweet and sour in taste.
The fruits contain vitamin C and pectin, which is why they are so healthy.
Winter hardiness
Frost tolerance is high. The tree is resistant to most diseases, but is vulnerable to scab.
Pollinator varieties
According to the recommendations of experienced gardeners, it is better to plant a seedling next to the following varieties: Lungwort, Quinti, White Naliv.
Resistance to winter frosts
The Iyulskoe Chernenko apple tree demonstrates a high degree of winter hardiness, having inherited it from the original varieties. Its trees tolerate prolonged frosts well, however, in the event of little snow and early winter, it would be a good idea to cover their roots with an insulating layer. Mulch is used for this purpose: in the fall, in preparation for winter, the soil in the tree trunk circle of apple trees is covered with a layer of crushed tree bark or compost. The July apple tree Chernenko successfully takes root and bears fruit in the Moscow region, Central Russia and the Volga region. This variety is also grown in some Ural regions.
How to plant a tree on a plot
To plant a seedling in your own garden, you need to know the recommended soil composition, choose the right place and carry out the manipulation efficiently.
Required soil composition
The apple tree prefers sandy or loamy soils and leached black soil. The acidity of the soil should be neutral or slightly acidic. The tree takes deep roots, so they select an area with groundwater depth of no more than 2 m.
Selecting and preparing a landing site
Choose a well-lit place, closed from drafts.
Pollinating varieties are planted at a distance of 4-5 m.
They begin to prepare the soil in advance, no later than 2 weeks before planting. Dig a planting hole, mix the soil with 10 kg of humus, 300 g of superphosphate and 200 g of potassium salt. Part of the mixture is poured back and kept for 14 days.
Dimensions and depth of the landing pit
Since the tree is large, the depth of the planting hole should be at least 70 cm, and also 70 cm in diameter. This is the optimal size for the tree trunk circle.
Timing and step-by-step algorithm for planting a seedling
Planting is carried out in early spring, when the soil warms up to 10 ° C, or in the fall at the beginning of October. After spring transplantation, the plant takes root better. The procedure is carried out according to the algorithm:
- The roots of the seedling are kept in a manganese solution for 24 hours.
- Then the tree is placed in the center of the hole and the roots are straightened with your hands.
- Cover the roots with soil layer by layer, compacting it with your hands.
- Leave an area of the trunk circle 10 cm deep.
- Water with 10 buckets of water.
Important! To protect the tree from strong winds, before planting, drive a wooden stake and tie it up.
Immunity to diseases and resistance to pests
Of all the infections of fungal origin common among fruit crops, only scab poses a danger to the “Iyulskoe Chernenko” variety. Extensive damage by this disease can destroy the entire crop in a single area. For this reason, owners of garden plots are recommended to carry out preventive treatment of apple trees of this variety twice during the season, which is also aimed at preventing the invasion of harmful insects. The first time this procedure is indicated is in the spring, during the bud opening phase. During this period, the trees are treated with Karbofos, which is aimed at combating insect pests, including one of the most dangerous enemies of apple trees - the fruit goose. The second time, the treatment of apple trees of the “Iyulskoe Chernenko” variety is carried out in the summer at the time of ovary formation. In this case, the fungicide “Agat-25K” is used, aimed at preventing diseases.
What type does it belong to?
The variety is included in the list of late winter varieties. The apple tree is partially self-pollinating. Placement around it is recommended:
- Reneta Kursky;
- Autumn Striped;
- Pepinka Litovskaya;
- Welsey;
- Antonovka Ordinary;
- Northern Sinap.
These varieties contribute to the full pollination of the Reneta Chernenko apple tree. The harvested crop is well preserved for 235 days. The fruits are collected in wooden boxes, which should be placed in rooms where the temperature is within 0...+2 degrees and with a humidity level of 85-90%.
Strengths and weaknesses of the apple tree variety Iyulskoye Chernenko
To summarize everything said in this section, we can highlight the main advantages of the Iyulskoye Chernenko apple tree variety. These include:
- Early ripening of fruits and early entry of trees into fruiting age;
- Excellent commercial qualities of apples of this variety - attractive appearance, pleasant taste and aroma, rich chemical composition of the pulp, as well as a long shelf life (up to 30 days);
- Immunity to most fungal infections of fruit plants;
- The ability of seedlings to quickly adapt after transplanting to a new location;
- High winter hardiness.
As for the disadvantages of the Iyulskoye Chernenko apple tree variety, there are not many of them in comparison with the impressive list of strengths. The weaknesses of this apple variety are:
- Susceptibility to scab, which requires annual preventive treatment;
- Uneven ripening process of apples, which complicates harvesting.
- Instructions for planting seedlings of the Iyulskoye Chernenko apple tree variety
Due to the high growth of apple trees, the Iyulskoye Chernenko variety is practically not used in industrial gardening. Most often, these trees are planted in the garden, where, in addition to fruiting, they perform another function - they serve as decoration for the site and protection from the sun for other plants.
Botanical certificate
To have an idea about the tree and make a decision about growing it, it is recommended to study its botanical features.
Crown and branches
The branching of the tree is spreading, the crown has the shape of a ball. Each branch contains several internodes with pubescence.
It is necessary to form a crown from the moment of planting.
Foliage and buds
Buds form in early spring and fully bloom by early May. The leaves are large, dark green, oblong in shape.
Size and annual growth
The apple tree reaches a height of about 5 m. The annual growth is 70-100 cm. The tree grows quickly. From the 3-5th year it begins to form ovaries.
Tree lifespan
The tree lives for about 35 years. This is the maximum period, after which it must be replaced with a new one. Once every 7 years it is better to carry out anti-aging pruning and remove old shoots.
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Fruiting tree
The fruiting period includes several stages: flowering, ripening, harvesting.
Flowering and pollinators
Flowering begins in early May. To obtain a large number of ovaries, the presence of pollinators is necessary. The variety is self-sterile. Other varieties of apple trees with the same flowering period are suitable for this.
The most suitable are:
- Lungwort;
- Quinty;
- Melba;
- Robin.
Ripening time and yield per tree
Apples ripen in mid-July. By this time, the fruits are completely raspberry-colored and emit a pleasant apple smell. All fruits ripen at different speeds. The whole process takes about 10 days. The variety's yield is high, 50-80 kg of apples per tree.
Harvest and storage
Apples are harvested according to their degree of ripening. As soon as the color of the fruits becomes completely crimson, they are removed from the tree. Since the variety is early ripening, the harvest can be stored for a short time. To do this, collect fruits in wooden boxes and take them to a cool, dark place. In this form they are stored for no more than 1 month. Further, their taste deteriorates.
Tasting assessment of the fruit and scope of application of apple trees
Tasters rated July Chernenko apples 4 points out of 5. They taste sweet with a slight sourness. The pulp is dense, juicy, beige in color. This variety is grown in their own garden plots and for industrial purposes.
Winter hardiness and drought resistance
July Chernenko inherited winter hardiness from the mother varieties. Tolerates temperatures down to – 35 °C. Suitable for cultivation throughout Russia.
The tree's root system is powerful. It tolerates prolonged heat and drought well, as the roots penetrate deep into the soil and receive nutrition from groundwater.
Important! Despite the winter hardiness of the apple tree, it is recommended to prepare it for wintering after harvesting.
Susceptibility to diseases and pests
The apple tree has strong immunity to major fungal diseases. However, the tree is susceptible to scab attack. Also, if the rules of agricultural technology are not followed, she is attacked:
- aphid;
- thrips;
- stalks;
- Khrushchi.
Selecting planting dates
In the case of the Iyulskoye Chernenko apple tree variety, it is recommended to choose autumn time for planting - from the last days of August to the first days of October. The trees are characterized by rapid growth rates and take root well in a new place, managing to take root before the onset of cold weather. If planted in spring, apple trees may not have enough time to form an extensive root system before the start of the growing season. Apple trees of the Iyulskoe Chernenko variety planted in the fall enter a period of active growth with the arrival of spring.
Region of natural growth
According to this registry, Renet Chernenko can be bred in the following regions: Central, Central Black Earth, Middle Volga, Ural, Volga-Vyatka, North-West.
The areas of greatest distribution of the variety are the Central Black Earth Zone , mainly the European part of the Russian Federation and Bashkiria . In Bashkiria, winter hardiness is not very high, slightly lower than that of Antonovka.
Landing algorithm
When choosing a site for placing apple tree seedlings of the Iyulskoye Chernenko variety, you should give preference to well-lit places that are open enough to accommodate an adult tree with a spreading crown. It should be borne in mind that it is not recommended to plant other tall crops within a radius of 4-5 m next to trees of this variety.
Since apple trees of the Iyulskoe Chernenko variety are sensitive to excess moisture in the soil, it is not recommended to plant them in places where groundwater is close to the surface of the earth. If there is no other opportunity to plant trees, you should take care of drainage work on the site. Otherwise, the lifespan of plants will not exceed 6 years due to constant waterlogging of their root system. The harvest from such trees will be meager.
The preparation of the site for planting seedlings must be done in advance - 30-45 days before the planned planting. The planting scheme assumes the presence of planting holes 1 m deep and 0.6 to 0.65 m wide. Fertilizers should be added to each of them, which is a mixture of the following components:
- well-rotted compost - 1 bucket;
- superphosphate - 150 g;
- potassium sulfate - 50g.
It would be a mistake to apply fertilizing rich in nitrogen - they stimulate the formation of new shoots that will not have time to get stronger by winter and will die during cold weather, which can lead to the death of the entire tree.
After adding the nutrient mixture, the contents of the planting holes are dug up and spilled with water. Planting can begin in 1-1.5 months, after the soil settles in them.
The success of the entire apple tree planting event is also influenced by the quality of the seedlings. The optimal age of planting material is 1 year; trees older than two years adapt much worse and subsequently often get sick and may die.
A support peg is sunk into each planting hole and a seedling is carefully placed next to it. It is important that its root collar is above ground level. The remaining free space of the planting hole must be filled with soil removed when digging it. The soil around the seedlings should be lightly compacted and then watered with warm, well-settled water at the rate of 2-3 buckets for each tree.
Agrotechnics of cultivation
Apple tree Amber
The key to a strong, healthy and rapidly growing tree is compliance with all the rules for planting a seedling. Otherwise, it will not be possible to achieve the desired results.
First of all, you need to decide on the place where the fruit tree will grow. The Chernenko apple tree is unpretentious in choosing a location. But it is recommended to plant these trees in groups of 3. Plant at intervals of at least 4-5 m from each other.
The most optimal time for landing is the end of September - mid-October.
Planting an apple tree in autumn
It is recommended to prepare the hole for the upcoming planting several weeks in advance. The hole dimensions must be at least 0.6 m deep and 1 m wide.
The soil in the hole must be fertilized and loosened. When planting, it is important to always monitor the root collar; it should be directed south and located above the ground. After planting, the soil is compacted and the plant is filled with plenty of water, so that the soil more abundantly envelops the root system.
Important! The most favorable place for a tree to grow is an open and well-lit area of an apple orchard.
Apple tree care
With the onset of spring, you need to carefully remove lichens and mosses, frozen, non-fruiting, dry and damaged branches from the trunk. Pruning is carried out with sharp and clean tools; after the procedure, the cut sites are carefully treated with garden varnish.
As a rule, all the whitewash is washed off during the winter, so it is recommended to re-lime the trunks. To whitewash adult apple trees you will need 2 liters of clean water, 300 g of lime and 2 tbsp. spoons of office glue. For young trees, it is preferable to use chalk rather than lime.
Whitewashing apple trees in spring
Important! Until the buds swell, trees should be treated with Bordeaux mixture (1%). Thanks to this procedure, it will be possible to reduce the likelihood of scab development and insect pest attacks. As a preventive measure against scab, you can also irrigate trees during the growing season with agate-25, which is safe for crops and humans.
If the seedling was planted recently, then at least 4-5 buckets of water should be poured under it, and the procedure should be repeated at least 4 times a season. An adult tree is watered no more than 3 times; 20 liters of water will be enough. If there is a drought, then the amount of watering should be increased.
Watering a seedling
Diseases and pests
The disadvantages of this variety include poor resistance to diseases. The most dangerous diseases for the Chernenko apple tree:
- Powdery mildew. To prevent development, you need to follow all the rules of care and irrigate the tree with Khom.
- Cytosporosis. To combat this disease, it is recommended to use chemicals, which can be purchased in a specialized store or on the market.
- Scab. To treat this pathology, a drug called topaz is used.
- Bacterial burn. The cause of the disease is improper tree care. To cure a plant, you need to eliminate the source of infection and disinfect the tree.
- Fruit rot, unfortunately, cannot be treated, so affected fruits must be collected and burned immediately.
Instructions for caring for apple trees of the Iyulskoye Chernenko variety
Thanks to the unpretentious nature of apple trees of the “Iyulskoe Chernenko” variety, caring for them comes down to the simplest procedures. The exception is pruning, which will be discussed later.
Watering mode
Watering is especially important for young apple trees in the period immediately after they are planted in open ground. During the first season, they require from 4 to 5 waterings, the total volume of water spent on each plant is from 40 to 60 liters. As apple trees of the “Iyulskoe Chernenko” variety grow older, they no longer need a lot of water, so the interval between watering lengthens. During the season, mature trees are watered 2 to 3 times, the volume of water being 60 liters.
Appearance
Renet Chernenko is a vigorous tree that will fit seamlessly into an amateur garden.
Tree
The height of the tree at the 15th year of life is 4.8 meters with a crown diameter of 5.4 m. The crown is hemispherical and round. Transparent and sparse until the middle of the tree.
The branches are firmly attached to the trunk at an angle with a large degree. The bark of the tree is gray-green, and the shoots are red-brown, and closer to the trunk they also become gray-green.
Renet Chernenko has medium branching, and new shoots appear from the bud at the top of the previous year's growths and from the next 2-3 buds, several more buds form leaves, and the lowest ones remain dormant.
During the year of development, several shoots grow on the fruit bags - a shortened shoot, a growth shoot, or a leaf rosette. Occasionally two rosettes are formed.
The crown has many overgrown shoots - ringlets, twigs, kopeks.
The fruits appear on last year's shoots, mainly on twigs. The shoots themselves are not very thick, straight, with large sparse lentils.
The leaves of trees of this variety are slightly larger than average in size. The color is dark green, the shape is a wide oval with a rounded base and a strongly pronounced upper tip.
The serration of the leaf is crenate, along the main vein the leaf is slightly curved, and its edges are slightly wavy. The leaves are located at an acute angle in relation to the shoots. The underside of the leaf is slightly pubescent, while the top is smooth and shiny.
The leaf petiole has the following characteristics: medium size, colored, pubescent, with narrow and small stipules.
The flowers of apple trees of the Renet Chernenko variety are small, saucer-shaped. White in color, petals slightly wavy. The anthers are half a centimeter below the stigmas.
The flowers produce fruits with the following characteristics: size - large. Weight - 110-180 grams. Shape - round and flattened.
Fruits in one harvest are of the same shape and size.
The surface has slight ribbing near the stalk.
It is colored elegantly yellow-green with a faint blush of garnet or scarlet on the illuminated side.
The skin is not very thick, not rough, but dense, the surface is matte.
Subcutaneous dots are present, but they are small and inconspicuous; there are rusty dots. The peduncle is small, curved, and thickened near the fruit sac. The funnel is rusty, not deep, wide.
The cup is larger than average in size, half-open in a wide saucer with slight ribbing. The seed nest is small, bulbous in shape, closed chambers without an axial cavity.
The subcalyx tube does not connect to the nest, the shape is wide and funnel-shaped. The seeds are medium-sized, dark, brown in color. The pulp is wine-sweet, with a pleasant strong aroma, white, dense, juicy, with a high content of vitamin C.
S. F. Chernenko worked on the development of this variety at the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Fruit Plants named after. I. V. Michurina.
Fertilizer application
In the first year after planting in open ground, young apple trees of the “Iyulskoe Chernenko” variety do not need fertilizing - they have enough nutrients that were added to the planting hole. Starting from the second season, it is necessary to apply fertilizers according to the following scheme:
- The first feeding occurs in the spring and involves the use of fertilizers rich in nitrogen. This will allow the plants to quickly grow green mass and send out new shoots.
- The second mandatory fertilizing is carried out in the fall in preparation for winter. For this purpose, complexes intended for fruit plants are used, rich in phosphorus and potassium - nitroammophoska, superphosphates, as well as flour obtained by grinding phosphorites. In the fall, you can also insulate the tree trunk with a layer of well-rotted manure at the rate of 1 bucket per tree.
- During the season, you can also fertilize, alternating organic matter and mineral fertilizers. 2-3 procedures are enough for the apple trees to receive the required amount of useful elements. There are a number of folk recipes, for example, an infusion of mullein mixed with wood ash. Another option to feed apple trees involves using compost in a proportion of 2-3 buckets per 1 apple tree.
Soil care
The soil on the plot with apple trees of the Iyulskoye Chernenko variety needs minimal care. It is important not to forget about the need to mulch the soil surface in order to prevent loss of moisture and protect the root system of plants from severe frosts. Coniferous spruce branches, compost or shredded tree bark are best suited for creating a layer of mulch. Using straw and sawdust for mulching is not the best option, since this environment often harbors rodent pests that damage tree bark. Due to injuries received during wintering, the apple tree may die.
Tree crown care
“July Chernenko” needs regular crown pruning, which is carried out twice during the season. Spring pruning has a sanitary purpose, when all weakened, damaged and diseased parts of the tree are removed. In autumn, formative pruning of the crown is carried out, aimed at thinning the branches. Some gardeners prefer to form the crown at the end of February or beginning of March; late pruning is also common, which is carried out after the leaves have fallen off and the movement of juices in the tree tissues has stopped.
For the Iyulskoe Chernenko apple tree variety, formative pruning of the crown is of particular importance, since, unlike other hybrids, these apple trees form many tops - strong vertical shoots that take away nutrition from the fruiting parts of the plant. If they are not removed, the apple tree will increase green mass, which will affect the volume of the harvest. For this reason, it is recommended to trim all tops in places where the branches are too spreading.
Pollinator selection
Apple tree Iyulskoe Chernenko is a partially self-fertile variety, i.e. it is capable of forming fruit ovaries without cross-pollination, but the result will be few fruits. Therefore, this variety requires the presence of pollinating trees on the site. For apple trees of the “Iyulskoye Chernenko” variety, the best option would be the following varieties that bloom and bear fruit at the same time:
- original “Pouring White”;
- winter-hardy summer variety “Lungwort”;
- Canadian "Quinty";
- old "Grushovka Moskovskaya".
For these varieties, not only the flowering and fruit ripening period is the same, but the taste characteristics of the apples are also similar to a certain extent.
Care
Watering
Young seedlings need to be watered regularly
Newly planted trees need additional soil moisture. 4-5 procedures are performed per season. They consume 40-60 liters of water.
For adult plants, the inter-irrigation periods are extended, bringing them to 2-3, and the moisture rate is increased to 60 liters for the roots of one apple tree.
Feeding
Nutrition begins in the second year of life.
The rules are very simple: nitrogen base - in the spring, phosphorus-potassium - in the fall. The most commonly used are phosphate rock, superphosphate, and nitroammophosphate. The use of complex fertilizers for fruit crops is allowed.
An excellent result is obtained by alternating mineral fertilizers with organic ones.
2-3 times a season it is worth watering the apple tree with a mash of wood ash and mullein, adding 2-3 buckets of well-rotted compost, and closer to autumn, evenly sprinkle the tree trunk with 1 bucket of 2-3 year old manure.
Mulching
It helps retain moisture, nourish the roots, and prevent freezing in winter. It is better to opt for crushed bark, compost, and pine spruce branches.
It is not recommended to mulch apple trees with sawdust and straw; they harbor small rodents that eat up the roots and bark of the trunk.
Pruning and crown formation
According to the standards, sanitary pruning is carried out in the spring, and formative pruning is carried out in the fall.
But many experienced gardeners have their own preferences: some form the crown at the very end of winter or early March, others prefer to complete all labor-intensive work in the fall, after the leaves have fallen and sap flow has stopped.
In hybrids, the rate of crown overgrowth is average, but it is the July Chernenko that is prone to driving out the top shoots. They are mercilessly removed, as is the excessive spread of lateral branches. The choice is small: harvest or green mass.
Pollinator varieties
The apple tree forms very few ovaries on its own; it definitely needs a pair, which becomes:
- White filling;
- Lungwort;
- Quinty;
- Grushovka Moskovskaya.
These varieties have similar flowering and fruiting periods, as well as taste characteristics.
Peculiarities of fruiting of the apple tree variety Iyulskoye Chernenko
Like most hybrids, the July Apple tree Chernenko begins to bear fruit quite early, provided that all agrotechnical recommendations for planting and caring for young apple trees are followed. If all the indications have been met, “July Chernenko” will bring the first harvest 2 years after planting, in mid-summer. The last apples of this variety will ripen at the same time as the autumn varieties. It happens that the first flowering is a year ahead of fruiting - in this case, it is recommended to remove all the flowers so that the tree can spend energy on forming roots.
Ripening and fruiting
The apple tree is valued for its early harvest in every sense. If ordinary varieties begin to bear fruit by 4-5 years, and many even later, then hybrids compare favorably with them.
The tree must gain strength and be absolutely healthy. If all care conditions are met, the first fruits are expected in the third year, from the end of July. The latter are harvested almost simultaneously with the autumn varieties of medium ripening.
If the flowers appeared a year earlier, it is recommended to remove them so that the tree has time to form a root system.
Harvest and storage
The apple tree grows quite tall, reaching 5 meters and above. The main mass is collected manually; such a crop can be stored for about 30-40 days in a cool, dark place.
If the apples hit the ground, they need to be processed quickly, otherwise they will be lost.
The variety is universal, so the fruits are used to make wonderful golden juice, delicious jam, confiture, jam. Apple slices dry well under natural conditions.
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Harvesting and storage of fruits
Despite the high growth of apple trees of the Iyulskoye Chernenko variety, the harvest from them is collected manually - this way there is less risk of damage to the skin of the apples. In this case, they can be stored for a month or more, provided they are stored in a shaded place with a fairly low air temperature. If the skin of the fruit was damaged during harvesting, they must be sent for processing as quickly as possible, since they will quickly deteriorate. The apple variety Iyulskoe Chernenko is a universal-purpose variety: the fruits are eaten fresh and also serve as raw materials for the production of juices, preserves, jams, and dried fruits.
Advantages and features of the variety
The Semirenko variety is difficult to confuse with other apple trees, as it stands out for certain features:
- You can reap a rich harvest from an apple tree. The fruits are very tasty and have a marketable appearance. Even though they are large, they weigh little. Therefore, they are often used for sales, as both sellers and buyers love them.
- Harvesting occurs from the end of September and lasts until mid-autumn.
- Semirenko apple trees are grown for further winter storage, since during the cold period the fruits do not spoil and are well preserved.
- The apples are big. They can reach up to 200 g. They have an excellent taste and smell pleasant.
If the fruits are stored for a long period, then their consistency inside begins to resemble cream. They remain juicy. Apples can be stored for 8 months. Even over such a long period, nothing will happen to them. But for this it is necessary to store them correctly. A cool cellar or refrigerator is suitable for this purpose.
But Semirenko’s apple trees can suffer from fungi or powdery mildew. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to protect the tree. The advantage of this variety is that apple trees can easily survive drought and are not afraid of windy weather or drafts.
There are also some disadvantages of the apple tree. It can bear fruit periodically. Frosty weather can damage wood. But after that it will recover in a short period. After such a defeat, 3 years will pass and the tree will bear fruit again. But this variety is not afraid of heat.
After planting, you must wait 5-6 years to harvest the first harvest. When young, fruits appear annually. But when the tree matures, then fruiting becomes periodic.
Diseases and pests: how to fight?
Unfortunately, apple trees of this species are very susceptible to fungal diseases such as scab and powdery mildew. The best way to prevent these parasitic infections is to clean up and then burn all fallen leaves, twigs, and dried fruit from last year. The trunk of the apple tree is whitened to protect against pests.
Spraying apple trees to combat fungal diseases
In especially hot and dry years, re-treatment is recommended two weeks before harvest, otherwise there is a high risk of scab infection of ripe fruits. Experts also recommend treating apple trees with special preparations containing copper. early spring to protect against pests and parasites.
In addition to the necessary measures for caring for Renet Chernenko’s apple trees, which we discussed above, the protection of apple trees from pests - insects and rodents - should be included in the separate section.
Protection against rodents will be provided by a fence made of small stacks half a meter high, which needs to be dug 30 cm into the ground.
Glass wool - if you wrap trees with it, rodents will not be able to damage them, and it will also protect the plants from frost.
If rodents have chewed on the trunks, then you should cover the damaged areas with garden varnish and wrap them with film.
This type of tree is highly resistant to scab, which is its advantage. But if the scab still affects the tree, then you can get rid of it by spraying the tree with a solution of copper or iron sulfate.
To protect a tree from insects, a number of measures should be taken:
- dig up and clean the tree trunk circles;
- carry out sanitary pruning;
- whiten the trunks;
- install protective structures;
- spray apple trees with insecticides.
The Renet Chernenko variety is very valuable, having such qualities as: winter hardiness, uniform yield, resistance to scab, good keeping quality, partial self-pollination and good taste of the fruit.
Watch a video on how to protect an apple tree from rodents.
