Which tree bears helicopter fruit? What is the name of a tree with helicopters? Maple and linden

Preparation for cultivation

There is no one universal method for growing maple. Species that shed seeds in spring and early summer germinate easily. But some are so capricious and demanding that even experienced gardeners cannot grow this tree in 30-40% of cases.

Suitable species

About 150 varieties of maple are known. Therefore, before cultivating, it is necessary to decide on the type of tree.

North America is home to most varieties. Sugar maple, which grows in Canada and the Laurentian Great Lakes region, is considered the most valuable species.

Most are propagated by grafting or cuttings, and only a few varieties are grown using seeds. The following types are suitable for seed germination:

Maple seeds can be found in an ordinary autumn forest in a heap of fallen leaves under a tree. To collect future planting material, you need to know what maple seeds look like. They look like flat double lionfish.

In two parts of the fruit there is one bare grain with a significant green rudiment. The tree bears fruit abundantly every year.

Site selection

Then you need to select the area where you plan to grow the tree. A sunny, open area is the most suitable place for this. Light partial shade is acceptable in the first years of maple growth.

It is better to cultivate maple in loose and fertile soil. Therefore, before planting, the soil should be dug up and loosened, making it more homogeneous. It is also recommended to fertilize the area with a mixture of humus, sand and peat.

If groundwater flows nearby the plot, then drainage will be needed. A drainage layer of crushed stone, expanded clay or sand is placed on the bottom of the planting hole in a layer of 10-15 cm. Drainage helps to avoid stagnation of excess liquid.

Collection of raw materials

Propagation by seeds is the most affordable way to grow maple. The seeds ripen at the end of summer and begin to fall in early autumn. The seeds are collected on the ground under the maple tree, among the fallen leaves. Even fallen “helicopters” are not immediately suitable for landing. Planting material is subjected to artificial rest.

If you don’t want to collect the seeds yourself, you can buy raw materials in special stores . There are various varieties of maple presented there. For example, red, blue, blue, which were bred as a result of breeding work.

Growing maple trees through seeds is a labor-intensive process that will take a long time. Planting from cuttings is a faster way to grow this tree.

Photo of maple seeds

There are about 150 varieties of maple trees throughout the earth's hemisphere.
It is generally accepted that this beautiful and spreading plant originated in North America. The most popular name is the Sugar species, which is found in the eastern parts of Canada. So, in order to grow a gorgeous tree, you need to choose the right type of maple. Let's consider the most common and unpretentious varieties so that maple planting does not depress:

• Holly. It grows in park and forest areas, but can also be found in your own garden.
• Ginnala. The low but wide plant is best planted as a living fence. Designers really love working with this material.
• Tatar. He gained high popularity due to his unpretentiousness to the conditions of the surrounding world.
• Green-skinned. The leaves have a roundish shape with pointed noses.

This tree is light-loving, so it is unacceptable to allocate closed areas to it. If you have a large garden, you should dig a hole far from the rest of the vegetation. To be precise, 4 meters between the giants will be enough.

Regarding soil issues, you should contact gardeners who specialize widely in all types of activities. A few main rules for the earthen surface:

• Uniformity. That is, before planting, it is important to dig up the prepared areas.
• You also need to properly cultivate and fertilize the soil with sand, humus and peat mixture.
• Underwater protection. If there are any, then a “blanket” of sand and crushed stone should be laid at the bottom of the pit. 15 centimeters will be enough.

How to grow maple correctly to increase the tree’s chance of survival? What you need to pay attention to is the next point.

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Methods of growing from seeds

Planting maple seeds is carried out in autumn or spring. Before spring planting, the material must be stratified. Stratification is an imitation of a period of winter dormancy in specially created artificial conditions.

Cold stratification

You can quickly grow maple from seeds using the cold stratification method. Many varieties of maple are grown this way. These include the following types:

• Japanese;
• Sugar;
• American;
• Norwegian;
• Large-leaved.

The collected seeds are sorted out, rotten and spoiled ones are sifted out, leaving only the dried ones. The selected planting material is soaked.

For this method you will need a plastic bag filled with a mixture of sand, vermiculite (paper, peat moss). It is advisable that all planting material be sterile , this way the development of fungus can be prevented. Also sometimes a little fungicide is added to the mixture to prevent mold. The composition in the bag is slightly moistened.

Then maple seeds are placed in a bag of 25 pieces. Each bag is ironed with the palm of your hand, thereby releasing excess air and the clasp is secured. The bags with the mixture are placed in the refrigerator, where the temperature is set to 1-4 degrees. This temperature regime promotes germination. Some maple varieties are very capricious and even minor deviations from the norm can negatively affect the seeds. For example, red maple seeds grow at 3 degrees, and American maple seeds at 5 degrees.

Combined method

Some varieties can be germinated using a combined method - a combination of cold and warm “layering”. This method involves alternating exposure to high and low temperatures. This technology is used for growing Asian and mountain maple varieties. These varietal seeds ripen in autumn or winter. The grains can be left in the ground, but germination will take several years.

Some varieties have a rather hard shell (pericarp), which is processed. Experienced gardeners carefully make small cuts on the shell , which leads to faster growth of shoots. But it is also practiced to soak planting material in hydrogen peroxide for several hours.

To make the shell softer, it is recommended to keep the seeds in a warm room (at a temperature of 20-30 degrees) for about two months. This range in timing is due to the lack of data on specific types of maple seeds.

After thermal exposure, the raw material undergoes conventional cold stratification.

Growing in soil

To grow directly in the ground, you will need seeds collected in late spring or early summer. The type of tree must also be taken into account, so some specimens should be stratified. Growing rules, following which, you can quickly grow maple:

But if, even under favorable conditions, most of the seeds do not sprout, then in this case they are said to be spoiled. You should not expect results; it is better to postpone growing maple from seeds until next year.

Seed stratification

Under natural conditions, maple seeds ripen in August, fall in the fall, and begin to sprout in the spring. Based on these natural cycles, stratification must be carried out. Let's consider the nuances of cold and combined techniques.

Cold

The stratification procedure (“stratification”) allows for rapid germination of planting materials. The point of the cold method is to maintain the hibernation phase in an unnatural environment, after which the plant begins active growth in nature. The method is suitable for most varieties of maple. American, Norwegian, Japanese, large-leaved, sugar and some red species hibernate in winter, and sprout when warmer weather arrives.

For all the above varieties, grains are placed in the ground in the fall or December. If your tree loses lionfish in the spring or June, germination should be done in the ground. If you plan to sow grains in open ground, use the cold method 90-120 days before the severe cold weather subsides.

So, let's start with cold “layering”:

1. Add a handful of peat moss and vermiculite to small plastic zip-top bags. To prevent fungal penetration, wear disposable gloves and use only sterile, clean material.
2. To slightly moisten the planting material, pour in a few drops of water.
3. If desired, you can add a little fungicide. This will protect the seeds from damage by mold. To prevent seedlings from suffering from an overdose of fungicide, add very little of this substance.
4. Distribute the seeds into bags (20-30 samples each). In order to remove as much air as possible from the bag, carefully smooth it with your palms. Seal the bags carefully.
5. We have come to the point of direct seed stratification. For this purpose, the seeds must be kept in the refrigerator at a temperature of 1-5 ° C. It is this temperature that promotes the germination of seeds of most species.
6. Once every 8-15 days, check the bags for condensation, mold or other undesirable phenomena.
7. Keep the bags in the refrigerator for 40-120 days. Most varieties require 90 to 120 days to germinate. Seed germination within 40 days is rare - this is typical only for large-leaved and some other forms.
8. As soon as the grains begin to sprout, remove the bags from the refrigerator.

Warm and cold

For grains that are particularly difficult to germinate, a combined (warm and cold) “stratification” method is used. The essence of the method is to expose planting material to alternately warm and low temperatures. This technology is required for mountain and Asian varieties. Paper, curled and striped varieties have difficulty germinating and need extra care. This also applies to most other varieties from Asia, as well as rock and mountain wood. All grains of this group ripen in the autumn or winter season. By simply remaining in the ground, seeds can only germinate years later.

Many of the listed varieties have a very hard pericarp (shell), requiring certain processing. Professional gardeners often make “cuts” on the pericarp, which significantly enhances shoot growth. It will also help to process the base of the seeds (opposite the wing) with a small file (stop immediately as soon as you reach the base, slightly opening the shell). In addition, it is practiced to soak planting materials in hydrogen peroxide for several hours, after which they are washed well. Or you can soak the lionfish in warm water for a day.

To further soften the dense shell and awaken the embryo, keep the seeds for one or two months in a warm room (at a temperature of 20-30 ºC). Inaccuracies in the timing are due to the lack of thoroughly studied data on the seeds of each specific maple species.

Next, we subject the grains to cold “stratification.” To do this, the planting material must be packaged in plastic bags with a zipper (about 20 lionfish in each), adding a small handful of peat moss or other fertilizer that promotes germination. Transfer the bags to the refrigerator. Every two weeks, inspect the bags to ensure there are no signs of mold or drying out inside.

Most grain varieties require a minimum of 90 and a maximum of 180 days to germinate.

Further care

Maple is an unpretentious plant, but the young tree still needs some care. Timely irrigation and fertilizing of the soil are the main components of care. The maple tree tolerates lack of moisture well, but to form bright foliage it must be watered periodically. It is necessary to water not often, but not infrequently, so that the soil never dries out. In the summer, about 2-3 buckets of water are poured under the young bush. Irrigation is carried out less frequently (once a month) in autumn and spring.

Read also: Fennel: planting and care in a summer cottage

Autumn planting

Sometimes maple seeds are planted in open ground in the fall. In this case, they remain in their natural environment all winter and germinate in the spring. With this method, seed germination is slightly lower due to strong and snowless winters, however, this method is considered the most natural.

Depending on the size of the seedlings, after one to three years they can be transplanted to a permanent place. To do this, you need to prepare holes measuring 50x50x70 cm. The composition of the soil is the same as when growing seeds. Before planting, add organic fertilizers (compost or humus) to the soil. Every year in the summer, apply complex fertilizers for perennial plants.

Maple is a magnificent and easy-to-care tree that has positive energy. In the shade of its dense crown you can relax in the summer, and in the fall you can admire the constantly changing colors and shades of foliage. Planting a maple is a long-term investment in the future of your garden or summer cottage. Maple will delight not only you, but also your children and grandchildren with its noble and sophisticated appearance.

Tips on how to grow maple from seeds at home

Maple is considered one of the most beautiful trees. Poets sang about it, painters wrote about it, and an image of its carved leaf is on the flag of Canada. Amazingly beautiful maple leaves of different colors delight the eyes of passers-by.

red leaf maple

Ripening, collecting and preparing seeds for planting

Different maple species reproduce in different ways. This can be cuttings or grafting, seeds. Maple seeds ripen in August, and they begin to fall to the ground with the onset of autumn. Those who want to grow a maple tree with their own hands need to collect them by finding them among the fallen leaves.

The maple seed looks like a double flat lionfish with a pair of wings. The fruit itself consists of two parts, where each seed is bare and contains a large green embryo.

When planting in autumn, choose a place on the site that is quiet and sunny, dig a hole 70 cm deep and 50 cm wide. A sand-peat mixture mixed with soil from digging is introduced into this hole. The seeds are planted to a depth of four cm and with their wings up.

The seedling grows slowly; at one year of age the tree can reach a height of 80 cm. The seedling requires good watering. A handsome tree grown from a seed will create excellent shade with its chic crown and a place to rest, and the seeds and leaves will help in the treatment of kidney diseases and colic, bronchitis and herpes, etc. Maple has positive energy, and growing it from a seed is a long-term investment for descendants.

Sugar maple

According to biologists, for normal growth, maple seeds for planting must be taken either local or from a similar climate, planted in light loamy soil, watered and protected from the north wind.

Description of maple seeds

Maple seeds ripen in August and fall off in the fall (but not always; they can hang on the tree for a long period). Therefore, they are quite easy to find in a heap of fallen leaves under the trees. In order to discover future planting material, you need to understand what maple seeds look like. Externally, they look like a flat double lionfish with two wings. The fruit consists of 2 parts, each of which contains one seed: naked, with a large green embryo. Fruiting of this luxurious tree, characterized by wind resistance due to its powerful root system, is abundant and occurs annually.

What methods are there for growing seeds?

Cold stratification method

Many types of maple are grown from seeds using this method. These include maples:

• American
• Japanese
• Norwegian
• large-leaved
• sugar.

Seeds that are not spoiled or rotten are selected, and dried ones are pre-soaked.

Thanks to this method, the seeds germinate quickly enough. For the seeds you will need a small plastic bag filled with growing material consisting of sand, peat moss or vermiculite or paper. To prevent fungus, it is advisable to have sterile material. To moisten, add a little water to the sowing mixture. And to prevent mold, you need to add just a little fungicide.

Next, the seeds are packaged in 25 pieces in a bag, which needs to be tediously ironed with the palm of your hand to remove air and closed with a zipper. The bags are placed in the refrigerator, where they are kept at a temperature of 1 to 4 degrees Celsius, which promotes germination. Some species are quite picky and a temperature difference of a couple of degrees will negatively affect the growth of seeds. For example, an American maple seed feels comfortable at +5 degrees, and red maple seeds need +3 degrees.

Most types of seeds are kept in the refrigerator for 3-4 months, but large-leaf maple needs 40 days. Every fourteen days, the bags should be checked for excess or lack of moisture, the presence of mold, etc. When growth begins, the seeds are removed from the refrigerator. Sprouted seeds are planted in moist soil to a depth of 1.5 cm. To ensure that the sprout takes root, the seeds can be planted temporarily in a tray.

Cold and warm stratification method

This method is well suited for mountain and Asian species with a very hard shell that requires treatment in the form of an incision, soaking in peroxide, and warm water. For two months, the seeds are stored at a temperature of 20 to 30 degrees. Next, the seeds are subjected to the above-described cold stratification method.

Growing maple seeds directly in the soil

In some types of maples, for example, silver maples, seed shedding occurs at the beginning of the growing season. These seeds do not hibernate and do not need additional care. You need to plant the seeds almost after collecting them and they will germinate quickly. Planting involves placing the seeds in moist soil mixed with fallen leaves without additional care.

Some seeds may not grow in the first year of planting, but will germinate only the next year. If a small percentage of seeds germinate, there is a chance that they have been spoiled. In this case, it is advisable to plant new ones.

A maple grown from seed can grow up to 30 meters tall.

Having decided on the desired type of maple, we purchase or find and collect the seeds ourselves; now growing maple from seeds at home will not be difficult for you. Fortunately, our country has a large selection of varieties of this fabulous tree.

The grown tree will delight you and then your grandchildren!

The genus and its representatives

Olga Nikitina

The genus Maple (Acer) belongs to the maple family and has about 150 species, most of which grow in the mountain forests of Europe, Asia, North and Central America. The genus includes trees and shrubs with opposite simple or compound, often lobed leaves. The flowers are collected in panicles or corymbs, the fruit is a fractional dipterate.

Most maples are demanding on soil fertility, air and soil moisture, are relatively shade-tolerant, densely crowned, wind-resistant and are characterized by fairly rapid growth. They propagate by seeds, cuttings, and decorative forms by grafting.

Many species of the genus have valuable wood, which is used in the furniture industry, for the manufacture of sports equipment and musical, especially bowed, instruments.

The sap of maple trees contains quite a lot of sugar, especially those species that grow in North America, such as sugar maple (A. saccharum). In Canada, the sap of this species is used to obtain maple sugar, and its leaf is the national symbol of the country. A stylized image of a carved sugar leaf appears on the jackets of Canadian hockey players and on the flag of Canada.

The Maple genus is characterized not only by its enormous species and varietal diversity, but also by its special wood structure, leaf shape, and structure of inflorescences and fruits. Taking this into account, botanists divided it into 17 sections, so the systematic position of the genus is very complex.

The most common type of maple found in our country is the Norway maple (A. platanoides), unlike many, it grows not in mountainous, but in lowland forests. Its appearance and characteristic leaves are well known to everyone, even those who are far from dendrology. Tree up to 30 m high, with an ovoid, tent-shaped dense crown.

The varietal diversity of K. holly is so great that, using only it, you can create interesting woody compositions. This species has color forms, varieties with a modified growth form and leaf blade. Maples look especially impressive with unusual leaf colors, such as purple, as in the varieties 'Royal Red', 'Crimson King', 'Deborah', 'Schwedleri', or with a white stripe along the edge of the leaf blade, as in 'Drummondii'. Decorative forms 'Columnare' and 'Globosum' attract attention with their crown - columnar and spherical, which makes them a bright accent in compositions. They are also good in solitaire and row planting.

Pseudoplatan maple , or sycamore (A. pseudoplatanus), is a typical representative of the mountain forests of the southwestern part of Ukraine and the Caucasus. Tree up to 40 m high and up to 2 m in diameter, with dark gray bark peeling off in plates to reveal light young bark. Forms a dense spherical crown, especially beautiful when standing freely.

Unlike the first two species, campestre is a tree of the second size, up to 15 m high. Sometimes in the Caucasus there are specimens up to 25 m. It has cute small 5-lobed leaves and unusual fruits - the wings of the dipterans diverge at an angle 180◦, forming a straight line. This maple is relatively drought-resistant and can withstand slight soil salinity.

The short Far Eastern bearded tree (A. barbinerve) is found in mountain mixed and coniferous forests, along forest edges and clearings and on rocky slopes. In general, it is characterized as a highly decorative tree, but in central Russia it can freeze. But the riverine plant (A. ginnala), growing in the same region, is distinguished by high frost resistance and unpretentiousness. With a height of up to 6 m, it is quite suitable for creating hedges and single plantings. In autumn, its three-lobed leaves turn purplish-red, imbuing landscapes with vibrant colors.

When listing the Far Eastern species, one cannot fail to mention the small-leaved species (A. mono), which is often found in this region. This is a tree, up to 15 m high, with a low-hanging crown. The leaves are similar to the foliage of K. holly, but 2–3 times smaller, and in the fall they turn bright yellow and red. Plantings of K. small-leaved plants effectively reduce city noise.

The trunk of A. tegmentosum, which grows in mountain mixed and coniferous forests of the Far East, is decorated with smooth green bark with longitudinal white stripes. With such an unusual bark, this maple always stands out from other plants.

If we talk about the beauty of maple leaves, then, of course, first of all we should mention A. palmatum , without which not a single garden in Japan can do . Its openwork dissected leaves acquire very bright, picturesque colors in the fall. Unfortunately, this maple is quite thermophilic, and in central Russia it freezes to the level of snow cover. Therefore, when creating stylized Japanese gardens in our climate, it is better to replace it with no less spectacular, but more frost-resistant A. mandschuricum and pseudosieboldianum .

A large number of maples grow in North America. Many of them have long settled in Russia, having acquired a second home here, and negundo has become so naturalized in our open spaces that in some plantings it behaves like a weed. Now it is difficult to imagine that this plant was previously grown in greenhouses as a valuable exotic. Currently, K. ash-leaved is widely distributed in culture, primarily due to its rapid growth, frost resistance, and undemanding soil conditions. However, its fragility and low decorative qualities (by the way, only in female specimens) force this species to be used as a temporary breed with other slow-growing, but more decorative ones. In the assortment of modern nurseries you can find a number of interesting color forms of this species, which are widely used in landscaping: 'Aureo-Variegatum', 'Variegatum', 'Flamingo', 'Odessanum'.

Growing in river valleys and swamps, the North American red plant (A. rubrum) tolerates excess moisture and stagnant water, and is also undemanding to soils. It received its specific name for the red female flowers and the orange-red color of the leaves in autumn. Its decorative forms - 'Red Sunset' and 'Scanlon' - are characterized by a pyramidal crown and dark red leaves in autumn.

Perhaps one of the most beautiful can be called, again, the North American species - silver (A. saccharinum) and its decorative form 'Wieri'. The spectacular crown with drooping branches is covered with carved, deeply dissected leaves, green on top and silvery-white below.

In conclusion, I would like to note that maples are unique and highly decorative plants, without which our forests and artificial landscapes would not be so bright and attractive.

Type of maple for bonsai

You can grow a small tree from pine, sakura, bamboo, willow, elm, lilac, lemon, spruce, ficus. Plant growers experiment with different types of plants; the principle of creating any specimen is to work with the root layering system and special care of the crown.

Maple bonsai can be grown at home from different types of wood:

Dwarfs of the above species have small leaves, which looks most organic on bonsai trees.

Colored specimens have been bred for growing these trees at home. These include:

The art of bonsai is in high demand among flower growers and summer residents, because the industry is constantly developing, breeders are developing new types of maples with different leaf shapes and their shades. The photo shows the most popular types of maple compositions.

Read also: Secrets of growing Iberis evergreen in your garden

Execution options

You can grow a miniature tree from a representative of the maple family in several forms:

• Upright appearance;
• Inclined;
• Broom-shaped;
• Grove.

You can grow a composition from seeds or cuttings at home in any form, just follow a clear sequence of actions and not miss important points.

Maple, you are my curly one!

Maple, repeatedly sung by poets and captured by painters, is diverse in its varieties, so if you want to decorate your garden plot with such an original tree, there is always the possibility of choosing the most suitable variety. Particularly proud is a specimen grown with one’s own hands from seeds; Moreover, this process is not particularly difficult and even a beginner can do it. How to grow maple from seeds at home? You just have to take into account that several varieties can grow from seeds: holly, Ginnala, greenbark and Tatarian. Other varieties are propagated by grafting or cuttings.

Searching for seeds

Most often, gardeners use a mature tree seed - subsequently, this source can be given any shape without the need to change the already formed system.

The collection is carried out after the “helicopters” ripen and fall from the branches in the autumn. True, such material is not ready for planting: for the seeds it is necessary to arrange an imitation of winter rest in artificial conditions. To do this, take a container with a tight-fitting lid, place wet sand in it, into which the seeds are buried, close the container and place it in the refrigerator. The stratification period is 100-120 days; in the spring the collection is ready for planting.

If you want to grow a natural decorative item at home, but don’t have time to collect seeds, you should contact specialized stores that offer ready-made planting material for Japanese and other types of maple. Blue, light blue, and red bonsai are obtained only from specially bred plants.

A faster way to get a decorative tree is to plant cuttings.

Preparation of planting material

To make the seeds grow faster, their dense shell is cut and placed in warm water or 9% hydrogen peroxide for 2-3 days. In conditions of high humidity, intense absorption of liquid occurs and the seed comes to life.

To prevent the development of diseases of the tree embryo, the seeds are initially treated with a dry or liquid fungicide.

Preparing the soil and container

To grow maple bonsai at home, it is important to properly prepare the soil. For maple, take an equal ratio of alumina, humus and sand.

An important stage is soil disinfection. Best ways:

1. Heat treatment at high temperatures. To do this, the soil is heated in the oven, microwave or in a water bath, then cooled, dried and sifted through a sieve.

1. Another method is freezing and then thawing the soil.
2. The use of biologically active additives such as “Fitosporin”, “Barrier”, etc. They are sold in specialized flower growing stores.

During processing, pathological fungi, mold, insect eggs and other infections that can harm the plant die. After the procedure, fertilizer is introduced into the soil to restore beneficial microflora.

For the first time, you can take a small bonsai pot - growing a tree is no faster than in natural conditions, so as it grows, it is changed to a larger volume.

The container is thoroughly cleaned with non-aggressive substances, washed and dried. There must be drainage holes in the bottom of the pot. To avoid soil washing out, it is recommended to line the bottom with mesh.

Planting seeds

Soil is poured into the prepared container, leaving 3 cm to the edges of the bonsai. If there are several seeds, they are placed at a distance of at least 1 cm from each other. The resulting layer is pressed with a board, then soil no more than 3 seed diameters thick is poured on top. The planting is lightly watered and the container is covered with glass or polyethylene to allow light to pass freely and retain moisture.

After the first shoots appear, the glass is lifted and several holes are made in the film to supply fresh air.

After the leaves have formed, young shoots are planted in fresh soil at a distance of 2-3 cm.

Maple: fruits and seeds

The fruit of this tree is the lionfish. This is an achene with a leathery, dry pericarp and a flat, wing-shaped fibrous outgrowth. With its help, the maple tree reproduces. The dispersal of seeds by wind is quite interesting: the lionfish moves amusingly through the air, writing spiral pirouettes, scattering over long distances and introducing itself into the composition of tree stands.

Working with cuttings

A faster way to create a maple bonsai with your own hands is to take a ready-made tree cutting and transform it.

1. The prepared twig is prepared in early summer: choose the one you like, it should not have a formed bark.
2. At the base of the cutting, a circular cut is made in the skin and rough woody part. This is where the roots will develop. A second similar incision is made 2-3 cm higher than the first.
3. Remove the bark and hard part between the cuts.

Next, the roots are sprouted for subsequent planting of the blank branch.

1. A root-forming hormone in the form of powder or gel is applied to the cut area.
2. To activate the work of the substance, moistened sphagnum moss is attached to the treated cut, sealed with polyethylene and left in a dark, cool place.
3. After a few weeks, the roots themselves will appear through the applied protection, then the bandage can be removed.

For germination, you can use a mixture of good compost and sand: place the cut part of the cutting into the moistened substance until roots appear.

After the formation of firm roots, the cuttings are separated from the mother branch.

Escape landing

Take a pot with drainage holes, pour round pebbles and soil (80% crushed bark and 20% peat) into it in an amount sufficient to securely fix the tree. The thin bark of the shoot is removed without disturbing the integrity of the roots, and the exposed part is placed in the ground.

You can add a little sphagnum moss to the soil. It serves as a fertilizer and softens hard water, which provides gentle care for the root system.

To strengthen the fixation, a peg is stuck into the pot, to which the young tree is tied.

Growing bonsai with your own hands using cuttings is only possible in cases where the tree is planned to be placed outdoors . Even proper care cannot replace a wild tree’s native elements. During the period when the foliage color changes, the composition can be brought into the house, but for no more than 1-2 hours.

Maple diseases

Ella Sokolova, Candidate of Biological Sciences

Fungal diseases of seeds, seedlings, seedlings, saplings, and trees in forest and urban plantings are widespread on different types of maple. Leaves, trunks, branches and roots are affected. The degree of harm caused by the disease depends on the age of the maple, its species characteristics, the parasitic activity of pathogens, and environmental conditions.

Leaves

Leaf diseases lead to a decrease in the decorative value of maple, premature leaf fall and weakening of young plants.

Powdery mildew is caused by fungi of the genus Sawadaia. A characteristic sign of the disease is a white, cobwebby or denser, powdery coating of mycelium on both sides of the leaves. Later, the fruiting bodies of the pathogens form on the mycelium in the form of small black dots, evenly scattered over the entire affected surface or collected in groups, often along the leaf veins.

Different types of maple are affected.

Black spotting is caused by the fungus Rhytisma acerinum. In the second half of summer, large, round, black, slightly convex spots with a yellowish-green border form on the upper side of the leaves. Often numerous spots merge, covering almost the entire surface of the leaves.

Norway and field maples are affected, and other species are less common.

Pink spot is caused by the fungus Phyllosticta platanoides. Large pinkish, merging spots with a dark brown border appear on both sides of the leaves. On the underside of the spots, sporulation of the pathogen forms in the form of numerous small, dark gray or black dots.

Norway maple is affected.

Variable spotting is caused by the fungus Phyllosticta negundinis. In early July, numerous merging spots of round or irregular shape appear on both sides of the leaves. At first they are yellowish, ocher, later they become white with a darker edge. Fungal spores form on both sides of the spots in the form of scattered small dark dots. With severe damage, the spots cover almost the entire surface of the leaves.

Ash-leaved maple is affected.

The deformities are caused by the fungus Taphrina polyspora. In the second half of summer, angular, dark brown or black, swollen, wrinkled spots form on both sides of the leaves. Numerous spots merge and cover a significant part of the surface of the leaves, which leads to their severe deformation.

Tatarian maple is affected.

Vascular and necrosis-cancer diseases of trunks and branches

Diseases of this group lead to weakening and drying out of the maple, reducing the decorative value of the species. In addition, necrosis-cancer diseases contribute to the infection of trees with rot.

Verticillium wilt is caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae. With this disease, the vascular system is affected, so outwardly it manifests itself in the drying out of individual branches or the entire crown. The main sign of the disease - affected vessels - can only be seen on cross sections of trunks and branches. They look like individual dark dots or dark brown blurry rings. In this case, the wood acquires a greenish, olive or greenish-black color. Drying of plants, depending on age, occurs within 1–5 years.

Various types of maple are affected, but Norway maple is more common.

Tubercular (nectria) necrosis is caused by the fungus Tubercularia vulgaris. During the growing season, from cracks in the bark of affected trunks and branches, sporulation of the pathogen emerges in longitudinal rows in the form of rounded pads with a diameter of up to 3 mm, pink, rose-red, brick-red, dark brown. In Norway maple, in addition to the bark, blood vessels are affected, which leads to faster drying out. Various types of maple are affected, but Norway maple is more common.

Stepped (common, nectria) cancer is caused by the fungus Nectria galligena. Round or oval wounds form on trunks and branches, growing from year to year. At first they are noticeable in the form of depressions in the bark. After the dead bark falls off, the wood of the wounds is exposed with a clearly defined gradation. Often, several wounds develop on different sides of trunks and branches.

Rot diseases of trunks and branches

Infection with stem rot reduces the resistance of trees to wind and leads to the formation of windbreaks, which is especially dangerous for plantings on private plots and in the city.

White, core (central), fibrous rot is caused by the false polypore (Phellinus igniarius). The fruiting bodies are perennial, woody, hoof-shaped, up to 20 cm in diameter, up to 12 cm in height, with a dark gray upper surface and a rusty brown lower surface. Rot rises up the trunk to a height of 2–3 m.

Yellowish-brown, core (central), fibrous- lamellar rot is caused by the maple polypore (Oxyporus populinus). The fruiting bodies are perennial, in the form of small caps with a diameter of 2–6 cm, a height of 1–2 cm, solitary or collected in imbricate groups. The upper side of the caps is white, yellowish-gray, overgrown with green moss, the lower side is yellowish-white. Rot develops in the lower and middle parts of the trunk.

Brown, core (central), prismatic rot is caused by the sulfur-yellow polypore (Laetiporus sulphureus). The fruiting bodies are annual, in the form of spatulate caps with a diameter of 10–40 cm, up to 4 cm thick, collected in tiled groups. The caps are flat, fleshy, soft, and harden when dry. Their upper side is bright yellow or yellow-orange, the lower side is gray-yellow. Rot develops in the butt part of the trunks, rising to a height of 2–3 m, sometimes higher.

White, core (central), cracked rot is caused by the scaly polypore (Polyporus squamosus). The fruiting bodies are annual, fleshy, in the form of large caps with a diameter of 10–15 cm, on central or lateral thick stalks. The upper side of the caps is yellowish with brown scales, the lower side is yellowish-brown. Rot extending up to 5–6 m develops in the lower and middle parts of the trunk.

In addition to them, other rots are also found on maple: white marbled, core-sapwood (pathogen is the true tinder fungus - Fomes fomentarius), white core-sapwood (pathogen is Phellinus punctatus), white fissured heartwood (causative agent - Climacodon septentrionalis ), brown superficial (causative agent - common chinwort - Schizophyllum commune), etc.

Black spot of maple Variable spot of ash-leaved maple Step cancer Cut of a trunk affected by wilt Tubercular (nectria) necrosis of a maple trunk Rot of a trunk affected by true tinder fungus

Planting care

Seedlings obtained from seeds are subjected to root pruning at the age of 3 months - the main rod is shortened by 2/3.

Blue and blue red maples develop in the same way as green ones: replanting of each type should be done in the spring with an interval of no more than 2 years. Each time the soil is completely changed, the central and lateral roots are cut by 20%.

The shoots are pinched after 2-4 leaves have formed.

When the plant reaches a height of 10 cm, it is transplanted into a regular pot, preferably a ceramic one.

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In late spring and early summer, bonsai are fertilized with special fertilizers.

Maples love shade, so they should not be left in the open sun. The composition should also not be exposed to large temperature changes.

Crown formation

Maples are given different shapes by pruning the branches and the direction of their growth.

The blue maple in the photo was obtained from seeds. When a new branch appears on a grown plant, it is wrapped with thin wire at the base and fixed to the pot in the desired direction. In this way, the most bizarre and exotic forms of dwarf trees are obtained.

You can grow a home bonsai with your own hands in 5-7 years with proper timely care.

Planting and care

Although the plant is easy-going, it still needs primary care. Young seedlings are still completely defenseless and can die from poor conditions.

The care lies in constantly digging up the soil around and feeding. It is also important to ensure that there is no grass, weeds or harmful plants around.

The maple tree also needs additional protection from fungi and dried branches. The dead parts of the branches should be cut off with pruning shears almost to the very root, and the “bare” areas should be lubricated with a protective gel.

Maple can be propagated by layering, seedlings or seeds. Seed material is planted in April to a depth of 5–10 cm. It is important to choose loose and nutritious soil, avoid planting in saline or highly acidified areas. Seedlings appear within 2–3 weeks.

If desired, it is possible to propagate the tree by layering: in the spring, cut the selected shoot with a knife and treat it with a special compound to stimulate growth, then delimit the cut site with a pebble, cover it with moss and wrap it tightly with film or foil. After a year, the shoot that has taken root is separated and planted separately.

The main enemies of maples are mealybugs, weevils, and maple whiteflies. Sometimes the leaves and bark are affected by coral spotting and brown rot. To prevent diseases and get rid of pests, trees are treated with reagents: chlorophos, nitrafen or dimethoate. It is advisable to spray with the first onset of warm weather, before the buds open.

We grow blue maple bonsai at home from seeds. Rules for caring for a miniature tree

This graceful tiny tree with the mysterious name bonsai, the translation of which sounds like “grown on a tray,” evokes amazement and delight among viewers. An unusual art form originated in China at the end of the 8th century. Miniature plants served as the main decoration of the emperor's palace and garden.

The art of bonsai developed, new forms and styles appeared, people learned to create miniatures with different structures of crowns and trunks, from different plants: deciduous and coniferous, flowering and fruit-bearing trees. Standing apart from the row of deciduous trees is the maple bonsai, which changes the color of its leaves as the season changes.

The developed varieties of maple with leaf colors such as blue, indigo, red, and violet have increased the possibilities of the authors' flight of imagination when creating colorful miniature plants that can enliven and give a unique charm to any interior.

Growing a blue maple bonsai at home from seeds is not easy; it takes time and hard work. But the result will recoup the costs and reward you with the contemplation of a miracle created by your own hands.

Description of Norway maple

The tree is dioecious, deciduous, and belongs to the Sapindaceae family. In central Russia and in most European countries, the crop is found everywhere along highways, present in gardens, mixed forests, and shelterbelts. The description of the Norway maple tree (sycamore, sycamore) is familiar to many due to the special shape of the carved foliage. The maximum distribution in the north is the southwestern borders of the Arkhangelsk region, where the crop grows in the form of shrubs. Under optimal conditions, the crown height reaches 28 m.

What does Norway maple look like?

The appearance of a beautiful tree is recognizable to everyone. From afar, Norway maple can be confused with sugar maple, but this also has its own nuances. The American species has clear sap, rougher and rougher bark, and autumn foliage that is bright orange and more triangular. Let's look at the characteristic features of our European platanolea maple:

1. Milky juice.
2. The bark is relatively smooth, gray-brown in color, with narrow cracks.
3. Foliage up to 18 cm long, wide, serrated blades, up to 5-7 blades.
4. Norway maple flowers are yellowish-green in color with a fragrant aroma, growing in 15-30 pieces. in bunches.
5. In spring, the leaves are pale green or dark green; by autumn, the blades turn yellow or orange.
6. The branches are reddish-gray or brown.
7. Norway maple produces fruits in the form of a double lionfish up to 5.5 cm long.
8. The seeds are bare with a thin skin.
9. Seeds ripen in September.
10. Fruiting from the age of 17.
11. Durability up to 150 years.

Seed preparation

For normal seed germination, it is necessary to prepare them by subjecting them to stratification. This tree naturally drops its seeds in the fall, and they undergo natural stratification. Its time for maple seeds is 120 days.

At home, people use cold, warm and combined stratification methods. Cold - the seeds need it for ripening. The seeds are placed in warm water to soak and then placed in the refrigerator. In this way, natural temperature differences are simulated.

Warm - used to “awaken” seeds. The seed is kept for several days in damp cloth or other moist substrate at a temperature of 30–35°C. For maple seeds, a combined stratification is used, in which the seeds are left in a cold room and placed in warm water before sowing. Then they are disinfected with a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate to prevent fungal formations. The disinfection process takes 10–15 minutes.

Norway maple - interesting facts

The decorative and recognizable tree grows everywhere from the Pyrenees Mountains to Siberia. It normally tolerates the polluted climate of cities, therefore it is a widespread representative of the flora in large populated areas. City dwellers traditionally love to take pictures against the backdrop of large carved foliage. Many interesting facts have been published about this wonderful plant culture:

1. Botanists say that signs of sap flow in the Norway maple indicate the arrival of spring.
2. The Norway Maple plant produces excellent wood used by cabinetmakers to produce handcrafted furniture pieces.
3. Maples are considered excellent honey plants.
4. In Karelia, Norway maple is protected as a rare plant from the Republican Red Book.
5. In America, the Norway maple has taken root well and has even begun to aggressively crowd out the local flora. White, red and velvety oak especially suffer from the newcomer.
6. Maple sap is famous for its bactericidal properties, the bark is used as an astringent, and the leaves are used in medicinal decoctions and compresses.
7. Dense maple alleys are bioenergetic corridors that help restore a sick person’s energy potential.

Soil and container

To grow Japanese maple from seeds, you need to prepare the soil and choose the right container.

For cultivation, a nutrient substrate is used, which is called akagama (in nature, such soil is found in one of the Japanese prefectures). The bonsai substrate should:

• retains moisture well;
• be loose so as not to impede the access of oxygen to protect against soil acidification and root rotting;
• contain sufficient nutrients.

It is prepared by mixing humus, alumina and sand in a 1:1:1 ratio. The second option is better suited for deciduous trees, which include blue maple: turf soil and sand in a ratio of 7:3.

Maple in landscaping

Olga Nikitina

Maple is often called a symbol of autumn for the amazing colors of its foliage during this period. The Japanese say that few flowers can compare with the beauty of autumn maple leaves. At this time, a wide variety of combinations of shades are possible: from yellow-orange and red to burgundy, almost purple and pink. Even fallen leaves look like a beautiful carpet for a long time.

Usage

Many types of maple have long been valued by gardeners as reliable, very decorative woody plants and decorate parks, squares, and private gardens. These species, first of all, include large trees - holly , false-sycamore , silver , ash-leaved . Their thick, lush, tent-shaped crowns are very beautiful, casting extensive shadows and trapping large amounts of dust and dirt on the leaves. Many maples are shade-tolerant, withstand urban conditions well, tolerate compacted and dry soil, and are wind-resistant thanks to a fairly powerful root system. The branches of K. ash-leaved and especially K. silverweed are fragile, often breaking under strong gusts of wind and under the weight of snow, and therefore these species require planting in a protected place. Almost all maples suffer from soil salinity and cannot tolerate stagnant water.

Large maples are usually used for single, alley plantings, to create arrays and groups, dense protective strips.

More compact types of maple, often growing in the form of powerful shrubs, such as K. riverine , K. Tatarian , can be found in the form of tapeworms, in groups with other woody and herbaceous plants; they look very impressive on the edges, in free-growing and trimmed hedges.

Types and varieties

Among the many decorative maple varieties introduced into cultivation, preference should be given to long-tested, reliable and winter-hardy ones.

First of all, these are varieties of K. holly :

'Royal Red' , 'Crimson King' , 'Faaseen's Black ' and others with leaves of various red shades throughout the growing season;

'Drummondii' with a very decorative white border around the edge of the leaf;

'Cleveland' and 'Emerald Queen' - these varieties change color throughout the season: light red when blooming, bright green in summer, yellow-orange in autumn.

of ash-leaf with elegant leaf coloring invariably attract attention and cause delight

'Flamingo' – leaves are green with a pink border when blooming, which later turns white;

'Argenteo-variegatum' with bright white-variegated leaf blades.

Popular garden decorative forms of false sycamore : 'Leopoldii' - green leaves with a variegated white pattern. 'Purpurea' – the underside of the leaf blade is purple, the top is dark green. When the wind blows, the leaves sway on long petioles, turning first one side or the other, which produces a stunning impression.

Decorative deciduous varieties of large maples are most suitable for single plantings and for adding bright color accents to the composition. The rich color of the leaves appears in well-lit spaces and with a sufficient amount of nutrients in the soil. However, varieties with edged leaf blades suffer from the scorching rays of the sun; for planting them it is better to select places with sparse light.

The decorative value of maples lies not only in the attractiveness of the leaves. The Greenbark and the Pennsylvanian with their very impressive bark, the pattern of which consists of alternating contrasting white and green stripes, deserve special compliments. The Norway maple is beautiful during its flowering period, and the Tatarian maple is beautiful when it is covered with ripening burgundy lionfish.

The spherical crown, which does not require pruning, of the 'Globosum' k. holly corresponds to the aesthetics of the regular style and is often used to decorate ceremonial areas. Not so common, but very interesting is the columnar shape of the holly 'Columnare' .

A small garden will be decorated with an unusually beautiful K. falsesiboldov . This charming maple forms a tiered, loose, see-through crown, as if covered with a lace of exclusively decorative dissected leaves. It is always used in Japanese gardens and is a magnificent sight planted near water or among stones, in compositions with shrubs such as azaleas, rhododendrons, hydrangeas, mahonias, low creeping conifers, perennials (bulbs, hostas, grasses, ferns).

A little more about ash

People call ash tree holly because of all the good neighbors (elm, maple, linden), ash gets along best with oak. Ash and oak trees have been observed since early spring. If the oak blossomed first, people prepared for a dry summer. What kind of fruits do ash trees have? We also found out what properties they have.

But the ancient Greeks were sure that a decoction of the fruits of this tree would help a man restore sexual power. The decoction was added to drinks to enhance sexual desire. Ash fruits had similar properties when dried, so they were prepared in advance and in large quantities. Ash also served as a symbol of wisdom and life. Therefore, every second Slav certainly carried with him a bag of dried fruits.

In our city, one of the most common trees is ash. It grows everywhere! I love this tree very much: it produces amazing fruits - helicopters, which I use in various activities with children (these are hedgehog spines, dragonfly wings, etc.). But recently I noticed how these helicopters are growing: now they are so small and delicate! See for yourself!

But then I encountered a problem: two identical trees grow nearby (at first glance), but they have different flowers (future helicopters). I began to compare: the leaves are the same, the branches are the same, the tree trunk is the same, but why are the flowers different? Here they are:

And then I began to study articles about ash on the Internet. It turns out that there are several species of this tree. It’s true: there are two types of helicopters (at least in our city). There were no dry helicopters on this tree, only young ones, but everything is on the Internet! Here they are.

That's how I discovered this amazing tree, which gives me so much material for creativity! It turns out that ash is called the “tree of life.” It was believed to play a key role, mystical properties were attributed to this tree and ash forests were burned to ward off evil spirits. Ash is also mentioned in fairy tales, and in Russian fairy tales the hero strikes evil spirits with an ash arrow. This is such an amazing tree growing next to us!

Trees are a form of woody plant consisting of a root, trunk and crown. In 2015, there were three trillion trees on our planet. Russia ranks first in terms of their number - 640 billion. But every year due to climate change and deforestation, their number is decreasing.

Sources used:

https://ogorod.ahuman.ru/derevja-s-vertoletikami/

Ash - tree of rebirth and renewal

Ash, maple, linden and elm are representatives of different genera of trees. What they have in common is that they are all deciduous, and each has its own fruit. All these trees get along well next to each other. Their fruits are also similar - in each tree it is a lionfish, carefully protecting the seed inside the pericarp.

The spruce tree has been familiar to us since childhood, because it is the most famous symbol of the New Year. Spruce is an evergreen coniferous tree. Its leaves are needles. Spruce branches are called “paws”.

The most widespread species in our country is the American ash-leaved maple. It got its name due to the similarity of the leaf to the foliage of an ash tree. In the American maple it has a complex shape: 3-7 bright light green jagged leaves attached to a flexible petiole.